Blood Glucose, Blood Insulin
Conditions
Brief summary
Blood sugar and insulin levels after a meal may be altered by the food and beverages a person consumes. Keeping a healthy blood sugar level may help prevent and manage type 2 diabetes and related diseases. This study will look at how drinking different common beverages (milk, low-fat milk, nonfat milk, orange juice, coffee, and water) with a meal changes blood sugar and insulin levels.
Detailed description
The broad aim of the proposed research is to evaluate the effects of consuming milk and non-milk beverages with a breakfast meal on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in overweight and obese adults with varying levels of glucose tolerance (normal, pre-diabetic, type 2 diabetes). The investigators expect the consumption of fluid milk with breakfast to decrease the postprandial glucose response relative to other non-milk beverages (orange juice and sweetened coffee). Furthermore, the investigators expect that there will be no difference in the postprandial glucose or insulin response between varieties of fluid milk (skim, low-fat, and whole).
Interventions
OTHERAcute beverage (water) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes water.
OTHERAcute beverage (Black Coffee) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes black coffee.
OTHERAcute beverage (Orange Juice) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes Orange Juice..
OTHERAcute beverage (Whole Milk) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes whole milk
OTHERAcute beverage (2% Milk) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes 2% milk
OTHERAcute beverage (Skim Milk) consumption
Acute beverage consumption includes skim milk
Sponsors
Dairy Research Institute
Purdue University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
35 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 35-65 years old, * BMI between 27-40 kg/m2, * HbA1C less than 7.5%, * weight stable (± 4.5 kg) for the previous 3 months * willing to consume study foods and beverages.
Exclusion criteria
* using exogenous insulin, * currently (or within the past 6 months) following a vigorous exercise regimen, or weight loss program, * acute illness, * smoking, * pregnant or planning pregnancy in the next 3 months, * lactose intolerant, * weight changes of greater than ± 3 kg during the study period
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| plasma glucose levels | 6 mornings separated by at least a week, fasting and 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,240 minutes postprandial | Subjects will come to testing once a week for six weeks. Each testing day, subject will come in fasted, and a fasting blood draw will be taken. Subjects will then be fed a standard breakfast with one of the 6 beverages (coffee sweetened with sugar, orange juice, water, whole milk, skim milk, low fat milk). Blood will be taken at 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,240 minutes after the meal. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma Insulin Levels | 6 mornings separated by at least a week, fasting and 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,240 minutes postprandial | Subjects will come to testing once a week for six weeks. Each testing day, subject will come in fasted, and a fasting blood draw will be taken. Subjects will then be fed a standard breakfast with one of the 6 beverages (coffee sweetened with sugar, orange juice, water, whole milk, skim milk, low fat milk). Blood will be taken at 30, 60, 60, 90, 120, 150,180,210,240 minutes after the meal. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed