Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7, Unresectable Melanoma
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized phase II trial studies how well ipilimumab with or without bevacizumab works in treating patients with stage III-IV melanoma that cannot be removed by surgery. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as ipilimumab and bevacizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare overall survival for patients receiving ipilimumab plus bevacizumab versus ipilimumab alone. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate the progression free survival, response rate and safety in patients receiving ipilimumab plus bevacizumab versus ipilimumab alone. II. To evaluate the utility of immune related response criteria (irRC) in patients receiving ipilimumab plus bevacizumab versus ipilimumab alone. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms. ARM A: INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ipilimumab intravenously (IV) over 90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Beginning cycle 8, patients receive ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 12 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. ARM B: INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive bevacizumab as in Induction Therapy. Beginning cycle 8, patients also receive ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1. Cycles repeat every 12 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 5 years.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALBevacizumab
Given IV
BIOLOGICALIpilimumab
Given IV
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status: 0 or 1 * Untreated or previously received one treatment regimen for measurable unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer \[AJCC\] 2010) (for BRAF wild-type, and regardless of human leukocyte antigen \[HLA\] type); untreated or previously received up to two treatment regimens for measurable unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma (AJCC 2010) (for BRAF mutant, and regardless of HLA type; if 2 prior regimens, one should be a BRAF inhibitor); this does not include any therapies given in the adjuvant setting * Prior treatment (chemotherapy \[chemo\], radiation, hormone, and immune therapies) must be completed \> 4 weeks prior to randomization (\> 6 weeks prior to randomization for nitrosoureas, mitomycin C, and checkpoint inhibitors) * Patients who received prior therapy with anthracyclines should have a baseline multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram (echo) with a normal ejection fraction within 28 days prior to randomization * Patients must have recovered from any acute toxicity associated with prior therapy by the start of study treatment * Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the unknown effects on the fetus or infant; all females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 2 weeks prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy; a female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months) * All sites of disease must be evaluated within 4 weeks prior to randomization; patients must have measurable disease * White blood cell (WBC) \>= 2000/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Platelets \>= 75 x 10\^3/uL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Hemoglobin \>= 9 g/dL (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Creatinine =\< 2.0 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 2.5 x ULN for patients without liver metastases and =\< 5 x ULN for patients with liver metastases (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Serum bilirubin =\< 2.0 x ULN (except patients with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin less than 3.0 mg/dL) (obtained within 4 weeks prior to randomization) * Patients BRAF mutation status must be known * No concomitant therapy with any of the following: interleukin (IL) 2, interferon, or other non-study immunotherapy regimens; cytotoxic chemotherapy; immunosuppressive agents; other investigational therapies; or chronic use of systemic corticosteroids; must have been discontinued \>= 4 weeks prior to randomization * No infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); due to the mechanism of action of ipilimumab and bevacizumab, activity and side effects in an immune compromised patient are unknown * No active infection with hepatitis B * No active or chronic infection with hepatitis C * Patients are ineligible if they have any history of central nervous system (CNS) metastases * Patients are ineligible if they have a history of any other malignancy from which the patient has been disease-free for less than 2 years, with the exception of adequately treated and cured basal or squamous cell skin cancer, superficial bladder cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * Patients are ineligible if they have a history of autoimmune disease, as follows: patients with a history of inflammatory bowel disease are excluded from this study as are patients with a history of symptomatic disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis \[scleroderma\], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis \[e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis\]); patients with motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis) are excluded; patients with a history of autoimmune thyroiditis are eligible if their current thyroid disorder is treated and stable with replacement or other medical therapy * Patients are ineligible if they have an active infection * Patients are ineligible if they have a history of prior treatment with ipilimumab, bevacizumab, or prior tumor CD137 agonist or CTLA-4 inhibitor or agonist; patients may be treatment naive or have had one prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease as outlined in the eligibility criteria; patients may have received PD-1 or PD-L1 as per current protocol eligibility, although they are not currently commercially approved in the front line setting * Patients are ineligible if they have a history of any underlying medical or psychiatric conditions or require any medications or treatment that in the opinion of the principal investigator may interfere with compliance, make the administration of study drug hazardous or obscure the interpretation of adverse events, such as a condition associated with frequent diarrhea * Patients are ineligible if they have any concurrent medical condition requiring the use of systemic steroids; (use of inhaled or topical steroids is acceptable) * Patients are ineligible if they have inadequately controlled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure \> 150 and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg on antihypertensive medications) * Patients are excluded if they have any prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy * Patients are excluded if they have New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade II or greater congestive heart failure * Patients are excluded if they have a history of myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have known significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection) * Patients are excluded if they have symptomatic peripheral vascular disease * Patients are excluded if they have evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy * Patients are excluded if they have had a surgical procedure or a significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have had a biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device, within 7 days prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have a non-healing wound or ulcer * Patients are excluded if they have proteinuria at screening as demonstrated by either: * Urine dipstick for proteinuria \>= 2+ (patients discovered to have \>= 2+ proteinuria on dipstick urinalysis at baseline should undergo a 24 hour urine collection and must demonstrate =\< 1 g of protein in 24 hours to be eligible) OR * Urine protein: creatinine (UPC) ratio \>= 1.0 at screening; for UPC ratio \> 1, a 24 hour urine protein should be obtained and the level should be \< 1000 mg; NOTE: urine protein should be screened by urine analysis for UPC ratio; a UPC ratio of 1 is roughly equivalent to a 24-hour urine protein of 1 g * Patients must not have known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human antibodies * Patients are excluded if they have a history of hemoptysis (bright red blood of 1/2 teaspoon or more per episode) within 3 months prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have current, ongoing treatment with full-dose warfarin or its equivalent (i.e., unfractionated and/or low molecular weight heparin); subjects should have not taken full-dose warfarin or equivalent for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have current or recent (within 10 days of enrollment) use of aspirin (\> 325 mg/day) or chronic use of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) * Patients are excluded if they use medications that inhibit platelet function (e.g., dipyridamole, epoprostenol, eptifibatide, clopidogrel, cilostazol, abciximab, ticlopidine, and ibuprofen and related compounds) unless subject has been off treatment for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization * Patients are excluded if they have known involvement of melanoma within the gastrointestinal tract * Patients are excluded for any non-oncology vaccine therapy used for prevention of infectious diseases (for up to 1 month before or after any dose of ipilimumab) * Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must agree to practice abstinence or use an accepted and effective method of contraception
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS) | Time from randomization to death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years | OS distributions will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The distribution of OS will be compared using the stratified log rank test with one-sided overall type I error rate of 0.100 (adjusting for the one interim analysis) and the hazard ratio of OS will be estimated using the stratified Cox proportional hazard model and one-sided 90% repeated confidence interval will be constructed. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) | Time from randomization to disease progression or death (whichever occurs first), assessed up to 5 years | Evaluated based on international criteria proposed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1). Progression is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression). Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PFS distributions will be compared using the log-rank test. |
| Clinical Response Rate | Up to 5 years | Clinical Response Rate is defined as the percentage of patients whose tumors have a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to treatment. Defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. CR: Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters. |
| Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) | Up to 90 days after completion of study treatment, up to 5 years post-registration. | Treatment-related grade 3-5 worst degree AEs rate. Defined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 criteria (version 5.0 effective April 1,2018). |
| Immune-related (ir) Responses Rate (Ir-CR+Ir-PR) | Up to 5 years | Assessed using the utility of irRC. Immune-Related Complete Response (irCR): Complete disappearance of all tumor lesions (target and non-target together with no new measurable/unmeasurable lesions) for at least 4 weeks from the date of documentation of complete response. Immune-Related Partial Response (irPR): The sum of the products of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all target lesions is measured and captured as the SPD baseline. At each subsequent tumor assessment, the SPD of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all target lesions and of new measurable lesions are added together to provide the Immune Response Sum of Product Diameters (irSPD). A decrease, relative to baseline of the irSPD compared to the previous SPD baseline, of 50% or greater is considered an immune Partial Response (irPR). |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
This study was activated on December 13, 2013, and closed to accrual on September 25, 2017, with a final accrual of 169 patients.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg IV over 90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Beginning cycle 8, patients receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of every 4 cycles (12 weeks) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Ipilimumab: Given IV | 85 |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg IV over 90 minutes and bevacizumab 15mg/kg IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive bevacizumab as in Induction Therapy. Beginning cycle 8, patients also receive ipilimumab 3mg/kg IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of every 4 cycles (12 weeks) in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Bevacizumab: Given IV
Ipilimumab: Given IV | 84 |
| Total | 169 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 22 | 16 |
| Overall Study | Alternative therapy | 0 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Complicating disease | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Death | 5 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Disease progression | 45 | 52 |
| Overall Study | Lack of clinical benefit | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Maintained PR and moved to observation only | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Never started treatment | 3 | 2 |
| Overall Study | On treatment | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 0 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Symptomatic deterioration | 2 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 5 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Total | Arm A (Ipilimumab) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 65 years | 65 years | 65 years |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 3 Participants | 5 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 79 Participants | 159 Participants | 80 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 4 Participants | 6 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 80 Participants | 161 Participants | 81 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 43 Participants | 71 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 41 Participants | 98 Participants | 57 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 57 / 85 | 54 / 84 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 72 / 82 | 77 / 82 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 32 / 82 | 48 / 82 |
Outcome results
Primary
Overall Survival (OS)
OS distributions will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The distribution of OS will be compared using the stratified log rank test with one-sided overall type I error rate of 0.100 (adjusting for the one interim analysis) and the hazard ratio of OS will be estimated using the stratified Cox proportional hazard model and one-sided 90% repeated confidence interval will be constructed.
Time frame: Time from randomization to death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Population: All enrolled patients
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) | Overall Survival (OS) | 20.4 months |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Overall Survival (OS) | 20.1 months |
p-value: 0.383Log Rank
Secondary
Clinical Response Rate
Clinical Response Rate is defined as the percentage of patients whose tumors have a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to treatment. Defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. CR: Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. PR: At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Population: All enrolled patients
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) | Clinical Response Rate | 11.8 percentage of participants |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Clinical Response Rate | 15.5 percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.482Chi-squared
Secondary
Immune-related (ir) Responses Rate (Ir-CR+Ir-PR)
Assessed using the utility of irRC. Immune-Related Complete Response (irCR): Complete disappearance of all tumor lesions (target and non-target together with no new measurable/unmeasurable lesions) for at least 4 weeks from the date of documentation of complete response. Immune-Related Partial Response (irPR): The sum of the products of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all target lesions is measured and captured as the SPD baseline. At each subsequent tumor assessment, the SPD of the two largest perpendicular diameters of all target lesions and of new measurable lesions are added together to provide the Immune Response Sum of Product Diameters (irSPD). A decrease, relative to baseline of the irSPD compared to the previous SPD baseline, of 50% or greater is considered an immune Partial Response (irPR).
Time frame: Up to 5 years
Population: Patients with reported IR responses
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) | Immune-related (ir) Responses Rate (Ir-CR+Ir-PR) | 17.9 percentage of participants |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Immune-related (ir) Responses Rate (Ir-CR+Ir-PR) | 17.3 percentage of participants |
p-value: 0.937Chi-squared
Secondary
Incidence of Adverse Events (AE)
Treatment-related grade 3-5 worst degree AEs rate. Defined using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 criteria (version 5.0 effective April 1,2018).
Time frame: Up to 90 days after completion of study treatment, up to 5 years post-registration.
Population: All patients who received treatment
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) | Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) | 39 percentage of participants |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Incidence of Adverse Events (AE) | 58 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Evaluated based on international criteria proposed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1). Progression is defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm. (Note: The appearance of one or more new lesions is also considered progression). Will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PFS distributions will be compared using the log-rank test.
Time frame: Time from randomization to disease progression or death (whichever occurs first), assessed up to 5 years
Population: All enrolled patients
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Arm A (Ipilimumab) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | 2.8 months |
| Arm B (Ipilimumab and Bevacizumab) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | 4.4 months |
p-value: 0.35895% CI: [0.61, 1.2]Log Rank