Blister of Foot
Conditions
Brief summary
Friction foot blisters are one of the most common and often debilitating complaints of all athletes, and hikers and runners in particular. Blistering rates in the literature of outdoor hikers range from 7%-54%. This study's aim is to build on Pre-TAPED I, and determine whether applying paper tape to the areas of the foot where blisters historically occur in endurance runners can prevent the incidence of friction blisters.
Detailed description
Participants will be ultra-endurance athletes competing in Racing the Planet's 250 mile/7 day 4 Desert events in 2014 (Jordan, Gobi, Madagascar, and Atacama. A convenience sample will be used, with full consent signed before inclusion into the study, with participants being informed that study inclusion is entirely optional and will not affect medical care. Randomization will be conducted for each participant, a coin will be flipped to determine which foot is to be taped, heads - right foot, and tails, left foot. The non-taped foot will be used as a control. The runner's normal sock/shoe system will be used to reflect natural wilderness conditions. Participants will have demographic data collected prior to the race, including age, gender, country of origin, number of marathons run prior, pack weight, and sock type. The study endpoint occurs when a hot spot or blister develops on either the treated or untreated foot. Runners will be instructed to treat suspected blisters or hot spots as they normally would, and to inform the study administrators the same day for visual inspection and final questionnaire to determine if they develop blisters or hot spots, whether they applied or re-applied tape themselves, removed tape, and the reasons for these actions. Participants will have tape applied to area(s) prone to blister on 1 foot, if no blister history, 1 area will be randomly assigned. The tape will be left on the selected foot until a blister or hot spot develops on either foot or the end of the race, whichever comes first. At that point, the study is over and the participant can continue or stop taping at their choice. If participants are prone to blisters or hot spots in particular areas, 1 paper tape applied to that site on trial foot. However, if the participant has no previous blister or hot spot experience, a site will be randomly assigned by picking a piece of paper out of a bag with the site written on a piece of paper (heel, toe, instep, head of 5th metatarsal). Therefore, a single participant can have more than 1 site on an individual foot.
Interventions
DEVICEPaper Tape
Applied to blister prone areas of the foot
Sponsors
Resurrection Medical Center
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
Any runner who are enrolled in an RTP 4 deserts event, All runners who are 18-75 years old All runners who speak or read English. The study will be enrolling only those who speak or read English, so they can fully understand and have knowledgeable consent to the study enrollment protocols.
Exclusion criteria
Any blisters, broken blisters, or hot spots present on either foot at the time of initial taping as determined by visual foot inspection by a enrolling researcher. The runner allergic to paper-tape.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Count of Participants With Any Foot Blister in Taped or Untaped Area of the Foot | within 7 days of application of tape | Blister data were collected without regard to whether the foot was right or left. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Paper Tape Paper was applied to study participants' blister prone areas or a randomly selected spot (if no blister history on that foot) - with untaped areas of the same foot as control. | 128 |
| Total | 128 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Paper Tape |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 39.3 years |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 31 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 97 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 77 | 0 / 51 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 77 | 0 / 51 |
Outcome results
Primary
Count of Participants With Any Foot Blister in Taped or Untaped Area of the Foot
Blister data were collected without regard to whether the foot was right or left.
Time frame: within 7 days of application of tape
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paper Tape | Count of Participants With Any Foot Blister in Taped or Untaped Area of the Foot | Blister anywhere | 106 Participants |
| Paper Tape | Count of Participants With Any Foot Blister in Taped or Untaped Area of the Foot | Blister in taped area | 30 Participants |
| Paper Tape | Count of Participants With Any Foot Blister in Taped or Untaped Area of the Foot | Blister in untaped area | 81 Participants |