Colorectal Neoplasms
Conditions
Keywords
Stage IV colorectal cancer / Liver Metastasis
Brief summary
To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of regorafenib versus placebo in subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) after curative resection of liver metastasis and completion of all planned chemotherapy.
Interventions
DRUGRegorafenib (Stivarga, BAY73-4506)
Four tablets of 40mg taken orally daily in the morning, dose of 160 mg for 21 days of treatment followed by 7 days without treatment
DRUGPlacebo
Four tablets taken in the morning orally daily for 21 days of treatment followed by 7 days without treatment
Sponsors
Bayer
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Have a history of a primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and / or rectum * Have a history of Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (CRC) with metastases to the liver only * Have received at least 3 months ,of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or perioperative chemotherapy, including a fluoropyrimidine and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan or both for subjects with initial Stage IV CRC which were treated with surgery with curative intent for both primary and metastatic lesions. The total chemotherapy administered, including that administered prior to and after liver resection, should not exceed 9 months. OR Have received surgery with curative intent for primary CRC and at least 3 months ,of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or perioperative chemotherapy for the primary tumor, including a fluoropyrimidine or a fluoropyrimidine and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan or both * For subjects with liver metastases developing \> 6 months after completing treatment for primary CRC and having undergone surgery with curative intent for liver metastases, a second course of chemotherapy lasting at least 3 months needs to be administered, including a fluoropyrimidine and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan or both. The second course of chemotherapy should not exceed 9 months. * For subjects who developed liver metastases \>/=6 months after completing treatment for primary CRC and having undergone surgery with curative intent for liver metastases, a second course of chemotherapy is not permitted unless initial adjuvant therapy consisted of fluoropyrimidine monotherapy. Subjects who received fluoropyrimidine alone must have received a second course of chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan or both, which should not exceed 9 months.For subjects with initial Stage I or II disease, no chemotherapy is required for a primary CRC lesion treated with surgery with curative intent. These subjects must receive chemotherapy for the treatment of liver metastases (which were also treated with surgery with curative intent), which must last at least 3 months, including a fluoropyrimidine and either oxaliplatin or irinotecan or both. The total course of chemotherapy should not exceed 9 months. * Prior to randomization, have histological confirmation that CRC lesions were adenocarcinoma (subtypes of adenocarcinoma, e.g. mucinous adenocarcinoma are allowed). Subjects with CRC lesions of other histological types, including mixed type with predominant adenocarcinoma, will not be eligible to be randomized to study treatment. * Have pathology-proven complete removal of all primary and liver metastatic CRC lesions. Subjects with positive margins will not be eligible for the study. * Have adequate bone marrow function, liver function, and renal function, as measured by the following laboratory assessments conducted within 7 days prior to the initiation of study treatment: * Total bilirubin \</=1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase \</= 3 times the ULN * Lipase\</=1.5 times the ULN * Serum creatinine\</=1.5 times the ULN * Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)\</=3 times the ULN * Glomerular filtration rate\>/=30 mL/min/1.73 m2 according to the Modified Diet in Renal Disease abbreviated formula * International normalized ratio of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastic time \</=1.5 times the ULN. Subjects who are therapeutically treated with an agent such as warfarin or heparin will be allowed to participate if no underlying abnormality in coagulation parameters exists per medical history. * Platelet count \>/=100,000 /mm3, hemoglobin \>/=9 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count \>/= 1500/mm3 without transfusions or granulocyte colony stimulating factor and other hematopoietic growth factors * Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times the ULN * Have had a CT or MRI scan (chest, abdomen, pelvis and other suspected sites as applicable) to determine eligibility for randomization within 4 weeks prior to randomization (hereafter referred to as the eligibility scan) * Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 14 days prior to the initiation of study treatment * If female and of childbearing potential, or if male, agree to use adequate contraception (e.g., abstinence, intrauterine device, oral contraceptive, or double barrier method) based on the judgment of the investigator or a designated associate from the date on which the ICF is signed until 8 weeks after the last dose of study drug.
Exclusion criteria
* Are taking strong cytochrome P (CYP) CYP3A4 inhibitors (eg, clarithromycin, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, voriconazole) or strong CYP3A4 inducers (eg, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John's Wort). * Have used biologic response modifiers, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, within 3 weeks prior to signing the ICF. * Have had prior treatment with regorafenib or any other (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) VEGFR-targeting kinase inhibitor. * Have had anti-cancer treatment following liver resection that exceeded a duration of 6 months. * Have been treated with biologics (eg, antibodies targeting VEGFR or EGFR) after liver resection unless the administration of the biologic started prior to liver resection and continued after liver resection only to complete a pre-specified number of cycles. * Completed their last dose of chemotherapy or had their last cancer surgery more than 10 weeks, whichever came later, prior to randomization. * Have extra-hepatic metastatic disease. Suspicious lesions should be rigorously evaluated with other imaging techniques and/or biopsy to exclude extra-hepatic metastatic disease prior to submitting for central radiology review. * Have had systemic anticancer therapy including cytotoxic therapy, signal transduction inhibitors, immunotherapy, and/or hormonal therapy within 4 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment. * Are pregnant and or breast feeding. * Have had prior or concurrent cancer distinct in primary site or histology from CRC within 5 years prior to randomization EXCEPT for curatively treated cervical cancer in situ, nonmelanoma skin cancer, Stage 0 intramucosal gastric cancer after endoscopic complete removal, or superficial bladder tumors classified as noninvasive tumor (Ta), carcinoma in situ (Tis), or tumor invades lamina propria (T1). * Have congestive heart failure classified as New York Heart Association Class 2 or higher.Have had unstable angina (angina symptoms at rest) or new-onset angina ≤ 3 months prior to screening. Have had a myocardial infarction \< 6 months prior to initiation of study treatment. * Have cardiac arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic therapy, with the exception of beta blockers or digoxin. * Have uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \[SBP\] greater than140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \[DBP\] greater than 90 mmHg) despite optimal medical management. * Have pheochromocytoma. * Have had arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic events such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism within 6 months prior to the initiation of study treatment. * Have a known history of human immunodeficiency virus infection. * Have either active or chronic hepatitis B or C requiring treatment with antiviral therapy. * Have a seizure disorder requiring medication. * Have evidence or history of any bleeding diathesis (including mild hemophilia), irrespective of severity. * Have had a hemorrhage or a bleeding event \>/=Grade 3 (NCI-CTCAE v 4.0) within 4 weeks prior to the initiation of study treatment. * Have any other serious or unstable illness, or medical, social, or psychological condition, that could jeopardize the safety of the subject and/or his/her compliance with study procedures, or may interfere with the subject's participation in the study or evaluation of the study results.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Disease Free Survival (DFS) as Assessed by the Investigator | From date of randomization to date of first observed radiographic disease recurrence (RECIST 1.1 criteria for measurable and non-measurable disease) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before disease recurrence was documented. | Disease free survival was evaluated by CT / MRI scans as assessed by the investigator, which was defined as the time (in days) from date of randomization to date of first observed radiographic disease recurrence (RECIST 1.1 criteria for measurable and non-measurable disease) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before disease recurrence was documented. For subjects without documented disease recurrence or death at the time of analysis, the DFS time was censored at the date of the last evaluable CT / MRI scan. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival (OS) | Subjects who experienced disease recurrence (either during treatment or during Active Follow-up), or otherwise withdrew from the study for any reason other than death, were followed for overall survival unless consent was withdrawn. | Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time (days) from randomization to death due to any cause. The OS time for subjects alive at the time of analysis was censored at their last date known to be alive. |
Countries
Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
This multinational study was conducted at 32 study centers that screened 65 subjects across 9 countries, between 02 December 2013 (start of enrollment) and 29 August 2016 (last patient last vist).
Pre-assignment details
Overall, 65 subjects were screened, of which 40 were screen failures. The remaining 25 subjects were randomized and assigned to treatment. All 25 subjects received treatment.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Regorafenib 160 mg Description: Subjects received regorafenib 160 milligram (mg) (4 \* 40 mg tablets) orally once daily on a 3 weeks on / 1 week off dosing schedule. | 14 |
| Placebo Subjects received placebo matching to regorafenib tablet orally once daily on a 3 weeks on / 1 week off dosing schedule. | 11 |
| Total | 25 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | AE not assoc. with disease recurrence | 1 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Disease recurrence (radiological) | 1 | 3 |
| Overall Study | Study stopped by Sponsor | 5 | 7 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 6 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Regorafenib 160 mg | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 59.7 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.22 | 57.0 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.83 | 58.5 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 9 Participants | 5 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 13 / 14 | 10 / 11 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 14 | 0 / 11 |
Outcome results
Primary
Disease Free Survival (DFS) as Assessed by the Investigator
Disease free survival was evaluated by CT / MRI scans as assessed by the investigator, which was defined as the time (in days) from date of randomization to date of first observed radiographic disease recurrence (RECIST 1.1 criteria for measurable and non-measurable disease) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before disease recurrence was documented. For subjects without documented disease recurrence or death at the time of analysis, the DFS time was censored at the date of the last evaluable CT / MRI scan.
Time frame: From date of randomization to date of first observed radiographic disease recurrence (RECIST 1.1 criteria for measurable and non-measurable disease) or death due to any cause, if death occurred before disease recurrence was documented.
Population: Number of Participants Analyzed is 0 because this study was prematurely terminated and data were not collected for this endpoint.
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival (OS) is defined as the time (days) from randomization to death due to any cause. The OS time for subjects alive at the time of analysis was censored at their last date known to be alive.
Time frame: Subjects who experienced disease recurrence (either during treatment or during Active Follow-up), or otherwise withdrew from the study for any reason other than death, were followed for overall survival unless consent was withdrawn.
Population: Number of Participants Analyzed is 0 because this study was prematurely terminated and data were not collected for this endpoint.