Smoking Cessation
Conditions
Keywords
smoking, nicotine replacement, internet
Brief summary
This project is designed to test the effects of affirmation and positive/negative imagery on individuals' thoughts about quitting smoking and willingness to join a stop smoking program. Previous studies have noted that viewing negative images elicits a stronger emotional response, and many stop-smoking campaigns have used such images to push people to quit smoking. However, research also shows that people are generally resistant to health messages. Using affirmation can help to lessen that resistance. In this study, we use a 2x3 design to study the individual effects of negative imagery and affirmation on smokers' intentions to quit smoking, acceptance of an offer to join a quit smoking program, and program participation and outcomes. We hope to find out whether there is an additive effect of the negative imagery and affirmation on the outcomes listed above. Our specific aims are: Aim 1: Determine if affirmation increases the uptake of an offer of joining a stop smoking program. Aim 2: Determine if image type (positive vs. neutral vs. negative) increases the uptake of the stop smoking program offer. Aim 3: Determine whether there is an interaction between image type and affirmation in people's willingness to join a stop smoking program.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALProject Quit stop smoking program
This online stop-smoking program is individually tailored to the participant's readiness to quit, smoking triggers, and many other characteristics. It has been scientifically proven to improve quit success.
DRUGNicotine patches 21 mg
Eligible participants will receive a 2-week supply of Nicoderm CQ Step 1 patches to help them be successful in their quit attempt.
Sponsors
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
University of Michigan
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Current smoker
Exclusion criteria
* Current participation in another stop-smoking program * Current use of stop smoking medications * Pregnant or breastfeeding * Limited internet or email access
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptance of Offer to Join Stop Smoking Program | 1 Day of Enrollment | After participation in online image viewing and writing reflection tasks, participants will be asked if they would like to take part in an online stop-smoking program. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Project Quit Plus NRT Patches All participants in the program will be offered the opportunity to complete the Project Quit stop smoking program. Project Quit is an individually-tailored, web-based program which has been scientifically proven to help people succeed at their quit attempts. All eligible participants will also receive a 2-week supply of Nicotine patches 21 mg.
Project Quit stop smoking program: This online stop-smoking program is individually tailored to the participant's readiness to quit, smoking triggers, and many other characteristics. It has been scientifically proven to improve quit success.
Nicotine patches 21 mg: Eligible participants will receive a 2-week supply of Nicoderm CQ Step 1 patches to help them be successful in their quit attempt. | 767 |
| Total | 767 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 62 |
| Overall Study | Subject non-interest | 479 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Project Quit Plus NRT Patches |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 43.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.9 |
| Number of cigarettes smoked per day | 16.0 Cigarettes STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.2 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 767 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 398 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 369 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 767 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 767 |
Outcome results
Primary
Acceptance of Offer to Join Stop Smoking Program
After participation in online image viewing and writing reflection tasks, participants will be asked if they would like to take part in an online stop-smoking program.
Time frame: 1 Day of Enrollment
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Project Quit Plus NRT Patches | Acceptance of Offer to Join Stop Smoking Program | 288 participants |