Low Back Pain
Conditions
Keywords
low back pain, hydrocodone bitartrate, opioids
Brief summary
This is a 6-month, nonrandomized, open-label extension study to assess the long-term safety of hydrocodone bitartrate extended-release (ER) tablets in patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain who require continuous opioid treatment for an extended period of time. To be eligible for Study 3104, patients were required to have completed the entire double blind treatment period on study drug (either placebo or hydrocodone bitartrate ER tablets) through week 12 of Study 3103 (NCT01789970) and to have met the entry criteria for Study 3104.
Detailed description
Eligible patients from Study 3103 (NCT01789970) were enrolled for participation in this extension study. For these patients, the final study visit in Study 3103 was visit 1 for this study (also referred to as the titration or adjustment baseline visit, depending on whether the patient was enrolled under the original or amended protocol, respectively). The original protocol was amended after 26 patients had been enrolled in the study. Those who were enrolled under the original protocol participated in a double-blind titration period of up to approximately 4 weeks followed by an open-label treatment period of 22 weeks. Those patients who were enrolled under the amended protocol participated in an open-label adjustment period of up to approximately 3 weeks followed by an open-label treatment period of 22 weeks.
Interventions
Participants were instructed to take hydrocodone ER tablets orally with a glass of water on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating.
During the double-blind titration period used in the original protocol, placebo tablets matching each dose of hydrocodone bitartrate ER tablets (active drug) were used to maintain the blind but not for purposes of comparison.
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
1. Patients must have participated in and completed the entire double-blind treatment period on study drug through the final study visit (week 12) of study 3103. NOTE: Patients who had a final on-treatment visit (i.e. prior to week 12) are not permitted to participate in study 3104. 2. The patient is able to speak English and is willing to provide written informed consent for study 3104, including re-signing a written opioid agreement, to participate in this study. 3. Women of childbearing potential (not surgically sterile or 2 years postmenopausal) must use a medically accepted method of contraception, agree to continue use of this method for the duration of the study and for 30 days after participation in the study, and have a negative pregnancy test at screening. Acceptable methods of contraception include barrier method with spermicide, intrauterine device (IUD), or steroidal contraceptive (oral, transdermal, implanted, and injected) in conjunction with a barrier method. NOTE: A woman will be considered surgically sterile if she has had a tubal ligation, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. 4. The patient must be willing and able to successfully self-administer the study drug, comply with study restrictions, and return to the study center for scheduled study visits, as specified in the protocol. 5. The patient must not participate in any other study involving an investigational agent (excluding those who participated in study 3103) while enrolled in the present study.
Exclusion criteria
1. The patient's current source of pain is different from the low back pain the patient was experiencing at entry into study 3103. NOTE: Any additional source of pain for a patient must be discussed with the medical monitor. 2. The patient has current evidence of alcohol or other substance abuse with the exception of nicotine or caffeine. 3. The patient has developed, during study 3103, a medical or psychiatric disease (including suicidality) that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise collected data. 4. The patient is expected to have surgery during the study. 5. The patient is pregnant or lactating. 6. The patient has developed an active malignancy (excluding basal cell carcinoma) during study 3103. 7. The patient has known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 8. In the judgment of the investigator, the patient has any clinically significant deviation from normal in the physical examination and/or clinical laboratory test values. 9. The patient has developed cardiopulmonary disease that would, in the opinion of the investigator, significantly increase the risk of treatment with opioids. 10. The patient is receiving a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). * Other
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results | Baseline was within two weeks of the final study visit in study 3103; during study exam was within two weeks of the end of trial visit for study 3104 (up to study week 26) | Pure tone audiometry was performed by trained personnel. Hearing loss was classified in degrees of hearing from normal to profound. This classification was determined by the hearing threshold (or the softest sound detected at a specific frequency). The exact ranges that classified hearing loss depended on the exact technique used during testing and on the patient's age. These values were provided by each audiology laboratory that performed the test. For serial audiograms, the criteria for a clinically significant hearing change were based on guidance from the American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA 1994, cited in \[Konrad-Martin et al 2005\]). These criteria included the following: greater than 20 decibels (dB) pure tone threshold shift at 1 frequency; greater than 10 dB shift at 2 consecutive test frequencies; or threshold response shifting to no response at 3 consecutive test frequencies. |
| Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks) | Data represents participants with potentially clinically significant (PCS) vital sign values. Significance criteria * Pulse - high: \>=120 and increase of \>= 15 beats/minute from baseline * Pulse - low: \<=50 and decrease of \>=15 beats/minute * Systolic blood pressure - high: \>=180 and increase \>=20 mmHg * Systolic blood pressure - low: \<=90 and decrease \>=20 mmHg * Diastolic blood pressure - high: \>=105 and increase of \>=15 mmHg * Diastolic blood pressure - low: \<=50 and decrease of \>=15 mmHg |
| Participants With Shifts From Normal to Abnormal in Physical Examination Findings | End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period) | The endpoint visit or early termination visit was an abbreviated exam. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward. |
| Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline (final visit for study 3103), End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period) | A 12-lead ECG was conducted at the final visit for study 3103 which is used as baseline for this study, and at week 22 of the treatment period \[or early termination\]). A qualified physician at the study center was responsible for providing interpretation of the ECG. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward. |
| Participants With Adverse Events | Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks) | An adverse event (AE) was defined in the protocol as any untoward medical occurrence that develops or worsens in severity during the conduct of a clinical study and does not necessarily have a causal relationship to the study drug. Severity was rated by the investigator on a scale of mild, moderate and severe, with severe= an inability to carry out usual activities. Relation of AE to treatment was determined by the investigator. Serious AEs include death, a life-threatening adverse event, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, a congenital anomaly or birth defect, OR an important medical event that jeopardized the patient and required medical intervention to prevent the previously listed serious outcomes. |
| Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period) | Data represents participants with potentially clinically significant abnormal serum chemistry, hematology and urinalysis values. Significance criteria: * Blood urea nitrogen: \>=10.71 mmol/L * Creatinine: \>=177 μmol/L * Uric acid: M\>=625, F\>=506 μmol/L * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alkaline phosphatase: \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT): \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Serum white blood cells: \>=20 \* 10\^9/L * Hemoglobin: M\<=115, F\<=95 g/dL * Hematocrit: M\<0.37, F\<0.32 L/L * Eosinophils: \>=10.0 % * Platelets: \<=75 \* 10\^9/L * Absolute neutrophils: \<=1.0 \* 10\^9/L * Urinalysis: Glucose, Ketones, and Total Protein: \>=2 unit increase from baseline |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Baseline (Day 0 of Treatment Period), Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint during the Open-Label Treatment Period | The API was recorded daily by participants in an electronic diary using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS-11), a Likert-type scale in which 0=no pain and 10=the worst pain imaginable. Participants selected the number that best described their average pain intensity over the last 24 hours. Negative change from baseline scores indicate improvement in pain control. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward. |
| Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study For Lack of Efficacy | Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks) | Percentage of patients who withdrew from the study for lack of efficacy, as indicated on the early termination form of the case report form (CRF). |
| Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Baseline (Day 0 of Treatment Period), Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint during the Open-Label Treatment Period | The WPI was recorded daily by participants in an electronic diary using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS-11), a Likert-type scale in which 0=no pain and 10=the worst pain imaginable. At each visit, participants selected the number that best described their worst pain intensity over the last 24 hours. Negative change from baseline scores indicate improvement in pain control. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
A total of 183 patients with moderate to severe chronic low back pain completed Study 3103 and were screened and eligible for enrollment into this study. One patient chose not to participate prior to enrollment.
Pre-assignment details
Of the 182 participants who enrolled into Study 3104, 26 participants enrolled under the original protocol and 156 participants enrolled under the amended protocol.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Hydrocodone ER - Opioid Naive Participants were administered hydrocodone ER tablets at dosages of 15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 mg every 12 hours at the dosage deemed successful for managing their pain. Opioid-naïve participants were defined as those who were taking tramadol or less than 10 mg per day of oxycodone, or equivalent (including around-the-clock and rescue medication) for the 14 days before screening in the C33237/3103 (NCT01789970) study. | 109 |
| Hydrocodone ER - Opioid Experienced Participants were administered hydrocodone ER tablets at dosages of 15, 30, 45, 60, or 90 mg every 12 hours at the dosage deemed successful for managing their pain. Opioid-experienced participants were defined as those who were taking 10 mg or more per day of oxycodone, or equivalent (including around-the-clock and rescue medication) for the 14 days before screening in the C33237/3103 (NCT01789970) study. | 73 |
| Total | 182 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Open-label Treatment Period | Adverse Event | 6 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Lost to Follow-up | 2 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Noncompliance to study medication | 3 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Noncompliance to study procedures | 1 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Physician Decision | 1 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Pregnancy | 1 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Protocol Violation | 5 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Sponsor request - investigator leaving | 1 |
| Open-label Treatment Period | Withdrawal by Subject | 14 |
| Titration/Adjustment Period | Adverse Event | 3 |
| Titration/Adjustment Period | Lack of Efficacy | 3 |
| Titration/Adjustment Period | Lost to Follow-up | 1 |
| Titration/Adjustment Period | Withdrawal by Subject | 5 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Hydrocodone ER - Opioid Naive | Hydrocodone ER - Opioid Experienced | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 49.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.3 | 55.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.37 | 52.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.22 |
| Age Group <=65 years | 94 Participants | 53 Participants | 147 Participants |
| Age Group >65 years | 15 Participants | 20 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Average Pain Intensity (API) | 2.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.41 | 3.0 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.78 | 2.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.57 |
| Body Mass Index | 32.9 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.41 | 31.8 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.27 | 32.5 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.35 |
| Duration on Opioid Therapy | 2.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.72 | 4.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.06 | 3.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.65 |
| Duration Since Diagnosis of Chronic Low Back Pain | 10.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.33 | 12.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.43 | 11.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.8 |
| Ethnicity Hispanic or Latino | 24 Participants | 4 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Ethnicity Non-Hispanic and non-Latino | 85 Participants | 69 Participants | 154 Participants |
| Height | 169.3 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.77 | 172.1 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.18 | 170.4 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.99 |
| Race American Indian or Alaskan Native | 2 Participants | 1 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race Asian | 9 Participants | 1 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race Black | 27 Participants | 12 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Race Other | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race White | 69 Participants | 58 Participants | 127 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 60 Participants | 40 Participants | 100 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 49 Participants | 33 Participants | 82 Participants |
| Weight | 94.2 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.56 | 94.2 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 25.07 | 94.2 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 24.69 |
| Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Score | 3.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.71 | 4.6 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.13 | 4.1 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.92 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 27 / 182 | 20 / 170 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 182 | 10 / 170 |
Outcome results
Participants With Adverse Events
An adverse event (AE) was defined in the protocol as any untoward medical occurrence that develops or worsens in severity during the conduct of a clinical study and does not necessarily have a causal relationship to the study drug. Severity was rated by the investigator on a scale of mild, moderate and severe, with severe= an inability to carry out usual activities. Relation of AE to treatment was determined by the investigator. Serious AEs include death, a life-threatening adverse event, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, a congenital anomaly or birth defect, OR an important medical event that jeopardized the patient and required medical intervention to prevent the previously listed serious outcomes.
Time frame: Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks)
Population: Safety Analysis Set for the Titration/Adjustment period; Post-Titration/Post-Adjustment Safety Analysis Set for the Open-Label Treatment Period
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Any AE | 4 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Deaths | 0 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Severe AE | 0 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Treatment-related AE | 3 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Withdrawals from treatment due to AE | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Serious AE | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Withdrawals from treatment due to AE | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Any AE | 2 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Serious AE | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Treatment-related AE | 2 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Severe AE | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Deaths | 0 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Deaths | 0 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Any AE | 34 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Serious AE | 0 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Withdrawals from treatment due to AE | 2 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Treatment-related AE | 21 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Severe AE | 1 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Serious AE | 1 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Any AE | 25 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Severe AE | 2 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Treatment-related AE | 10 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Withdrawals from treatment due to AE | 1 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Deaths | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Any AE | 88 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Deaths | 0 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Withdrawals from treatment due to AE | 5 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Serious AE | 10 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Severe AE | 11 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Open-Label Treatment Period | Participants With Adverse Events | Treatment-related AE | 26 Participants |
Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results
Pure tone audiometry was performed by trained personnel. Hearing loss was classified in degrees of hearing from normal to profound. This classification was determined by the hearing threshold (or the softest sound detected at a specific frequency). The exact ranges that classified hearing loss depended on the exact technique used during testing and on the patient's age. These values were provided by each audiology laboratory that performed the test. For serial audiograms, the criteria for a clinically significant hearing change were based on guidance from the American Speech Language Hearing Association (ASHA 1994, cited in \[Konrad-Martin et al 2005\]). These criteria included the following: greater than 20 decibels (dB) pure tone threshold shift at 1 frequency; greater than 10 dB shift at 2 consecutive test frequencies; or threshold response shifting to no response at 3 consecutive test frequencies.
Time frame: Baseline was within two weeks of the final study visit in study 3103; during study exam was within two weeks of the end of trial visit for study 3104 (up to study week 26)
Population: Safety Analysis Set
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results | 11 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results | 7 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Participants With Clinically Significant (CS) Hearing Changes From Baseline to the Final Visit in Pure Tone Audiometry Test Results | 18 Participants |
Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values
Data represents participants with potentially clinically significant abnormal serum chemistry, hematology and urinalysis values. Significance criteria: * Blood urea nitrogen: \>=10.71 mmol/L * Creatinine: \>=177 μmol/L * Uric acid: M\>=625, F\>=506 μmol/L * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alkaline phosphatase: \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT): \>=3\* upper limit of normal (ULN) * Serum white blood cells: \>=20 \* 10\^9/L * Hemoglobin: M\<=115, F\<=95 g/dL * Hematocrit: M\<0.37, F\<0.32 L/L * Eosinophils: \>=10.0 % * Platelets: \<=75 \* 10\^9/L * Absolute neutrophils: \<=1.0 \* 10\^9/L * Urinalysis: Glucose, Ketones, and Total Protein: \>=2 unit increase from baseline
Time frame: End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period)
Population: The Full Analysis Set includes all participants who took at least one dose of study drug and who had at least 1 post-baseline efficacy assessment. Participants with a post-baseline result for each test are counted as part of the number of participants analyzed for that test.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Alkaline phosphatase | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Urine ketones | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Hematocrit | 5 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Blood urea nitrogen | 5 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Creatinine | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Uric acid | 5 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | AST | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Eosinophils | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Platelets | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Absolute neutrophils | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Urine glucose | 4 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Urine total protein | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Serum white blood cells | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | GGT | 7 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Laboratory Values | Hemoglobin | 4 Participants |
Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values
Data represents participants with potentially clinically significant (PCS) vital sign values. Significance criteria * Pulse - high: \>=120 and increase of \>= 15 beats/minute from baseline * Pulse - low: \<=50 and decrease of \>=15 beats/minute * Systolic blood pressure - high: \>=180 and increase \>=20 mmHg * Systolic blood pressure - low: \<=90 and decrease \>=20 mmHg * Diastolic blood pressure - high: \>=105 and increase of \>=15 mmHg * Diastolic blood pressure - low: \<=50 and decrease of \>=15 mmHg
Time frame: Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks)
Population: The Full Analysis Set includes all participants who took at least one dose of study drug and who had at least 1 post-baseline efficacy assessment. Participants with a post-baseline vital sign result are counted as part of the number of participants analyzed.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Systolic blood pressure - low | 3 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Pulse - high | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Pulse - low | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Systolic blood pressure - high | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Diastolic blood pressure - high | 1 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant Abnormal Vital Signs Values | Diastolic blood pressure - low | 2 Participants |
Participants With Shifts From Normal to Abnormal in Physical Examination Findings
The endpoint visit or early termination visit was an abbreviated exam. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward.
Time frame: End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period)
Population: Post-Titration Safety Analysis Set
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Shifts From Normal to Abnormal in Physical Examination Findings | Normal at baseline - Abnormal at Endpoint | 20 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Participants With Shifts From Normal to Abnormal in Physical Examination Findings | Abnormal findings reported as adverse events | 7 Participants |
Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings
A 12-lead ECG was conducted at the final visit for study 3103 which is used as baseline for this study, and at week 22 of the treatment period \[or early termination\]). A qualified physician at the study center was responsible for providing interpretation of the ECG. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward.
Time frame: Baseline (final visit for study 3103), End of trial visit (up to week 22 of Open-label Treatment Period which is up to week 26 including the titration/adjustment period)
Population: Post-Titration Safety Analysis Set. Includes participants who have both baseline and endpoint data.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint normal | 26 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint abnormal | 18 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint normal | 11 Participants |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint abnormal | 42 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint abnormal | 22 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint normal | 19 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint normal | 8 Participants |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint abnormal | 11 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint abnormal | 64 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint abnormal | 29 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline abnormal - Endpoint normal | 19 Participants |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Shifts From Baseline to Endpoint (Treatment Period) in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings | Baseline normal - Endpoint normal | 45 Participants |
Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit
The API was recorded daily by participants in an electronic diary using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS-11), a Likert-type scale in which 0=no pain and 10=the worst pain imaginable. Participants selected the number that best described their average pain intensity over the last 24 hours. Negative change from baseline scores indicate improvement in pain control. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward.
Time frame: Baseline (Day 0 of Treatment Period), Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint during the Open-Label Treatment Period
Population: Full Analysis Set includes participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment. Participants contributing to each time point are counted as part of the number of participants analyzed for that test.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.34 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.54 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.54 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.03 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.74 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Average Pain Intensity (API) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit
The WPI was recorded daily by participants in an electronic diary using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS-11), a Likert-type scale in which 0=no pain and 10=the worst pain imaginable. At each visit, participants selected the number that best described their worst pain intensity over the last 24 hours. Negative change from baseline scores indicate improvement in pain control. Endpoint refers to the last observation carried forward.
Time frame: Baseline (Day 0 of Treatment Period), Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint during the Open-Label Treatment Period
Population: Full Analysis Set includes participants who had at least one post-baseline efficacy assessment. Participants contributing to each time point are counted as part of the number of participants analyzed for that test.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10) | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.73 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.95 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10) | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.96 |
| Hydrocodone ER: Double-Blind Titration Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | 0.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Endpoint | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 14 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.74 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 6 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 10) | 0.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.69 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 18 | -0.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.81 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 2 | 0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.25 |
| Placebo: Open-Label Adjustment Period | Change From Baseline to Weeks 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and Endpoint of the Treatment Period in Daily Worst Pain Intensity (WPI) Scores During the Previous 24 Hours for Each Visit | Week 22 | -0.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study For Lack of Efficacy
Percentage of patients who withdrew from the study for lack of efficacy, as indicated on the early termination form of the case report form (CRF).
Time frame: Day 1 of the Titration/Adjustment Period to Week 22 of the Treatment Period (total of 25-26 weeks)
Population: Safety Analysis Set
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo: Double-Blind Titration Period | Percentage of Participants Withdrawn From the Study For Lack of Efficacy | 2 percentage of participants |