Menopause, Metrorrhagia, Remote Consultation, Urinary Incontinence, Videoconferencing, Women's Health
Conditions
Keywords
Women's Health, Hospitals, Veterans, Education, Remote consultation, Videoconferencing
Brief summary
VA community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs) typically serve only a small number of women Veterans, and generally do not have the women's health care resources that are available in larger settings. Women Veterans using these sites for primary care must sometimes travel to other sites to receive women's health care. That can create travel burdens, reduce continuity of care, and negatively affect patient outcomes. To address this, VA is implementing a clinical operations innovation that supports women's primary care providers with a technology-based intervention that combines interactive communication with women's health specialists and ongoing education. This research study is evaluating the implementation and effects of this women's healthcare delivery innovation. Findings from this research will inform VA women's health clinical practice and education, and will advance science in delivering technology-supported non-face-to-face care that is applicable to other clinical conditions and patient populations.
Detailed description
Project Background/Rationale: Women Veterans are a rapidly growing proportion of VA patients. While entitled to receive care equivalent to their male counterparts, women Veterans may receive lower quality care, in part due to a VA primary care (PC) workforce that has limited experience caring for women, particularly their gender-specific conditions. This workforce may be especially challenged in community-based outpatient clinics (CBOCs), where access to women's health (WH) expertise may not be readily available. CBOC PC providers (PCPs) typically have small caseloads of women Veterans, making it difficult for these providers to maintain their WH knowledge and skills. To ensure quality care for women Veterans, VA mandated designated WH providers (DWHPs) in every VA facility, and instituted intensive training opportunities-WH mini-residencies-for these providers. Although highly valuable in delivering a standard level of specialized WH training, these one-time trainings are not sufficient, as knowledge attenuates over time. Serial education re-enforcement over time is needed to produce and maintain long-term gains in knowledge. Furthermore, additional supports, such as enhanced communication between PCPs and specialists, are necessary to achieve and sustain quality gains. To address these issues, VA is implementing a clinical operations innovation that is designed to improve CBOC-based DWHP delivery of comprehensive WH care. This innovation (entitled DWHP Support) combines: 1) advanced WH serial patient-based education that exposes DWHPs, over time, to a depth and breadth of WH cases and issues (SCAN-ECHO); and 2) interactive communication between CBOC DWHPs and VA Medical Center-based specialists for just in time support of DWHP WH care (electronic consultations). The intervention is technology-supported and delivered virtually. It is being implemented in a stepwise manner. Objectives: Facilitators and barriers to use of DWHP Support, and its effect on patient management are unknown. The investigators hypothesize that DWHP Support will improve the quality and efficiency of WH care in CBOCs. The specific aims are: Aim #1: To evaluate the effect of DWHP Support on WH care quality and efficiency, using a modified stepped wedge design; Aim #2: To explore the impact of DWHP Support in changing DWHP behavior and self-rated WH knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy; Aim #3: To assess attitudes about DWHP Support and its use, specialist time for its implementation, and other features that could influence DWHP Support's effectiveness, sustainability and spread; Aim #4: To develop tools to measure quality of WH care in VA. Methods: The investigators will conduct an observational study of DWHP Support for CBOC DWHPs. The investigators will use a mixed methods analytic approach (combining a modified stepped wedge quantitative analysis with provider surveys and interviews) to measure the intervention's effect after 1 year, while also evaluating the implementation process and use of the intervention. The investigators will use quality assessment methods to translate existing evidence-based WH performance guidelines into quality measurement tools applicable to VA WH care. Anticipated Impact: This proposal aims to evaluate an innovation to improve WH care in CBOCs that uses a technology-based educational and interactive communication intervention designed for WH providers. To measure the intervention's effectiveness, this project will develop WH quality measures that will be valuable tools for other VA efforts to improve WH care. The findings on effectiveness and implementation could influence VA's approach and use of technology-supported interventions for other clinical conditions and in other special populations.
Interventions
OTHERClinical innovation
Technology-based intervention that combines interactive communication with women's health specialists and ongoing education
Sponsors
VA Office of Research and Development
Study design
Observational model
ECOLOGIC_OR_COMMUNITY
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
US Department of Veterans Affairs Women's Health primary care provider in who participates in Veterans Affairs SCAN-ECHO learning sessions or uses Veterans Affairs gynecology electronic consults.
Exclusion criteria
none
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Control Period vs. Intervention Period) | Baseline through four months after the final time step when participants entered into the intervention (28 months) | Quality of care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the difference in the percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers at baseline versus after entering into the intervention. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Controlled Trial Steps) | Baseline through four months after the final time step when participants entered into the intervention (28 months) | Quality of care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the difference in the percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers, with each subsequent step, over the course of the controlled trial. |
| Provider Referral Behavior | 1-7 days after receiving a response to the electronic consult | This measure is the number of providers that changed their referral plan for an in-person specialist-to-patient visit after an electronic consultation. |
| Quality of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Care | 28-month study timeframe | Quality of abnormal uterine bleeding care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers. |
| Quality of Menopausal Symptoms Care | 28-month study timeframe | Quality of menopausal symptoms care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers. |
| Quality of Urinary Incontinence Care | 28-month study timeframe | Quality of urinary incontinence care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Primary care providers (PCPs) delivering women's health care from June 2013 - September 2015 in VA healthcare systems that implemented the DWHP Support women's health clinical innovation, which is a technology-based program that combines interactive communication with women's health specialist and ongoing education.
Pre-assignment details
STEPPED WEDGE CONTROLLED TRIAL INCLUSION CRITERIA: Designated Women's Health Providers (DWHPs) with one or more episodes of care for women patients during each period of the intervention. ELECTRONIC CONSULTATION SURVEY INCLUSION CRITERIA: DWHPs who submitted and received a response to a gynecology electronic consult during the study timeframe.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| VA Primary Care Providers Delivering Women's Health Care Primary care providers in VA healthcare systems that implemented the DWHP Support women's health clinical innovation (a technology-based program that combines interactive communication with women's health specialist and ongoing education). | 202 |
| Total | 202 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | VA Primary Care Providers Delivering Women's Health Care | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized Electronic consultations <18 years | 0 Participants | — |
| Age, Customized Electronic consultations 18 years or older | 42 Participants | — |
| Age, Customized Quality assessment <18 years | 0 Participants | — |
| Age, Customized Quality assessment 18 years or older | 202 Participants | — |
| Age, Customized Stepped wedge <18 years | 0 Participants | — |
| Age, Customized Stepped wedge 18 years or older | 11 Participants | — |
| Comprehensive women's health clinic setting VA comprehensive WH clinic | 5 Participants | — |
| Comprehensive women's health clinic setting VA general primary care clinic | 6 Participants | — |
| Designated Women's Health Provider (DWHP) status DWHP | 11 Participants | — |
| Designated Women's Health Provider (DWHP) status Non-DWHP | 0 Participants | — |
| Healthcare setting VA Community Based Outpatient Clinic | 4 Participants | — |
| Healthcare setting VA Medical Center | 7 Participants | — |
| Professional degree MD or DO | 4 Participants | — |
| Professional degree NP or PA | 7 Participants | — |
| Provider monthly encounters with women | 159 months | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 202 participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Quality assessment Female | 141 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Quality assessment Male | 61 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Stepped wedge Female | 10 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Stepped wedge Male | 1 Participants | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Control Period vs. Intervention Period)
Quality of care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the difference in the percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers at baseline versus after entering into the intervention.
Time frame: Baseline through four months after the final time step when participants entered into the intervention (28 months)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Control Period vs. Intervention Period) | 7.1 percent of care adherent to guidelines | Standard Error 8.6 |
Secondary
Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Controlled Trial Steps)
Quality of care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the difference in the percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers, with each subsequent step, over the course of the controlled trial.
Time frame: Baseline through four months after the final time step when participants entered into the intervention (28 months)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Change in Quality of Women's Health Care (Controlled Trial Steps) | 9.6 percent of care adherent to guidelines | Standard Error 4.1 |
Secondary
Provider Referral Behavior
This measure is the number of providers that changed their referral plan for an in-person specialist-to-patient visit after an electronic consultation.
Time frame: 1-7 days after receiving a response to the electronic consult
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Provider Referral Behavior | 13 Participants |
Secondary
Quality of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Care
Quality of abnormal uterine bleeding care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers.
Time frame: 28-month study timeframe
Population: The analysis included primary care providers providing care for abnormal uterine bleeding episodes during the 28-month study timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Quality of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Care | 53 percent of care adherent to guidelines |
Secondary
Quality of Menopausal Symptoms Care
Quality of menopausal symptoms care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers.
Time frame: 28-month study timeframe
Population: The analysis included primary care providers providing care for menopausal symptoms episodes during the 28-month study timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Quality of Menopausal Symptoms Care | 58 percent of care adherent to guidelines |
Secondary
Quality of Urinary Incontinence Care
Quality of urinary incontinence care as defined by adherence to practice guidelines. This measure is the mean percent of applicable quality indicators for whom the guideline adherent action was performed by primary care providers.
Time frame: 28-month study timeframe
Population: The analysis included primary care providers providing care for urinary incontinence episodes during the 28-month study timeframe.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Stepped Wedge Participants | Quality of Urinary Incontinence Care | 39 percent of care adherent to guidelines |