Depressive Symptoms, HIV
Conditions
Keywords
HIV, depressive symptoms, quality of life, relaxation, viral load, CD4+ T cell count
Brief summary
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and autogenic training (AT) are effective relaxation techniques to reduce depressive symptoms. However, no studies on their effectiveness have been conducted among people living with HIV and depressive symptoms. The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of PMR and AT interventions among people living with HIV who have depressive symptoms. A secondary aim was to assess the potential effectiveness of these interventions on depressive symptoms and quality of life.
Detailed description
This study was a three-arm pilot randomized control trial with mixed methods. Participants were randomized to PMR, AT, or control group (CG), with four assessments (baseline, one-, three-, and six-month). The PMR and AT interventions consisted of six one-hour sessions of individual training over 12 weeks and home practice. Recruitment, attrition, and completion rates were calculated. Depressive symptoms and quality of life were assessed at all times. Participants' perceptions of the interventions were collected in semi-structured interviews.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALJacobson progressive muscular relaxation
PMR involves learning to identify the tension in specific muscle groups by tightening and relaxing each muscle group. It includes three different exercises: 1) contraction-relaxation of 12 large muscle groups in the arms, legs, and trunk; 2) identification and relaxation of tensions without the need for movement or contractions; and 3) contraction-relaxation of 12 small muscle groups in the neck, eyes, and mouth
BEHAVIORALSchultz's autogenic training
AT is a relaxation technique that is based on body attitude, reduction of exterior stimulation, inner concentration, and mental repetition of verbal formulas \[28\]. These formulas are organized into six exercises: 1) heaviness; 2) warmth; 3) calm and regular heart function; 4) self-regulation of respiration; 5) warmth in the upper abdominal area; and 6) agreeable cooling of the forehead.
Sponsors
RRISIQ
Laval University
Université de Montréal
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age \> 18 years * HIV diagnosis of at least two years * Depressive symptoms between 5 and 14 in the PHQ-9 scale * Untreated with antidepressants or psychotherapy * Able to speak and understand French
Exclusion criteria
* Started antiretroviral treatment within the last 6 months * Start or already receiving Interferon
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessed at 6 months | baseline and 6 months | Depressive symptoms at 6 months will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) |
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessed at 3 months | baseline and 3 months | Depressive symptoms at 3 months will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) |
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)assessed at 1 month | baseline and 1 month | Depressive symptoms at 1 month will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in quality of life measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV assessed at 3 months | baseline and 3 months | Quality of life at 3 months will be measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV |
| Change from baseline in quality of life measured with (MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV assessed at 6 months | baseline and 6 months | Quality of life at 6 months will be measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in viral load assessed at 6 months | baseline and 6 months | Change from baseline in viral load assessed at 6 months |
| Change from baseline in CD4+ T cells count at 6 months | baseline and 6 months | Change from baseline in CD4+ T cells count at 6 months |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed