Hypertension
Conditions
Keywords
blood pressure, hypertension, salt sensitivity
Brief summary
Previous studies have demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the sodium-bicarbonate co-transporter gene (SLC4A5) are associated with hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that SNPs in SLC4A5 are associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in 185 whites consuming an isocaloric constant diet with a randomized order of 7 days of low sodium (Na+) and 7 days of high Na+ intake. Salt sensitivity was defined as a ≥7-mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure during a randomized transition between low and high Na+ diet. A total of 35 polymorphisms in 17 candidate genes were assayed, 25 of which were tested for association. Association analyses with salt sensitivity revealed 3 variants that associated with salt sensitivity. Of these, 2 SNPs in SLC4A5 (rs7571842 and rs10177833) demonstrated highly significant results and large effects sizes, using logistic regression. These 2 SNPs had P values of 1.0×10-4 and 3.1×10-4 with odds ratios of 0.221 and 0.221 in unadjusted regression models, respectively, with the G allele at both sites conferring protection. These SNPs remained significant after adjusting for body mass index and age (P=8.9×10-5 and 2.6×10-4 and odds ratios 0.210 and 0.286, respectively). Furthermore, the association of these SNPs with salt sensitivity was replicated in a second hypertensive population. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant associations of both SNPs with salt sensitivity (rs7571842 \[P=1.2×10-5\]; rs1017783 \[P=1.1×10-4\]). In conclusion, SLC4A5 variants are strongly associated with salt sensitivity of blood pressure in 2 separate white populations.
Detailed description
Subjects are placed on an isocaloric diet, one week with high sodium(300mEq) and one week with low sodium(10mEq), in randomized order. Twenty-four hour urine sodium and urine creatinine levels verify diet compliance. Blood pressure measurements are recorded during each diet week by automated blood pressure monitoring system. Each blood pressure is taken in the right arm 3 times while the subject is sitting quietly for 45 minutes .
Interventions
OTHERHigh sodium diet and low sodium diet
Isocaloric diet with 60 mEq of potassium and 1gm protein/kg body weight with high sodium 300mEq; low sodium 10 mEq.
Sponsors
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
University of Virginia
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
DIAGNOSTIC
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Ages 18-70 (inclusive) * Sex Male and female * Race Caucasian and African-American/black * BMI 18.-0-29.9 * BP Normal
Exclusion criteria
* hypertension * blood pressure \> 140/90 mmHg
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure; Change in Mean Arterial Pressure from low salt diet to high salt diet | Study subjects will be observed 5 times during the 2 week intervention | The mean arterial pressure that will determine salt sensitivity will be assessed during the last day of the diet week. The study will be stopped for any individual during any visit if there is an average blood pressure of \>180/114 mmHg. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Urine sodium | Urine chemistry analysis will be assessed from a 24-hour urine collection on the last day of each diet week. |
| Genetic analysis for specified genes associated with hypertension | During the screening visit |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed