Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Conditions
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, type 2, phototherapy, physical exercise, oxygen consumption, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, baroreflex sensitivity, cardiovascular autonomic control
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the phototherapy may be adjuvant to exercise to improve muscular efficiency and increase aerobic capacity. We hypothesized that phototherapy adjuvant with physical exercise may be benefit to populations with Diabetes mellitus that have impairment in cardiopulmonary fitness and low oxygen uptake peak values (VO2peak) in exercise tests. Two doses will be tested 150J and 300J. Additionally, this study aims to evaluate the effect of phototherapy previously applied to the exercise on the cardiovascular coupling. We hypothesize that phototherapy previously applied to the exercise will result in the increase baroreflex sensitivity (increased coherence and gain and decreased phase), promoting the improvement of the cardiovascular autonomic control and cardiovascular coupling in diabetic subjects. Two doses will be tested 150J and 300J.
Interventions
DEVICEPhototherapy through light emitting diode (LED) - 150J
The near-infrared radiation by light emitting diode (LED) will be performed with a cluster multi-diode arranged in an array of 34x18 cm containing 50 LEDs (GaAlAs, 850 nm). The phototherapy will be applied bilaterally on femoral quadriceps and triceps surae muscles during 40 seconds with 3J of total energy for each diode and 150 J of total energy delivery to muscle. Neither subject nor evaluators will known if LED was effective or placebo during data collection. A hidden button in the LED device is employed to ensure the double-blind procedure. This button allows selecting placebo or effective emission of near-infrared radiation while the time display is working. This button will be selected by a researcher who just participated of randomization procedure and LED application and had no access to data collection.
DEVICEPlacebo phototherapy - 150J
The near-infrared radiation by light emitting diode (LED) will be performed with a cluster multi-diode arranged in an array of 34x18 cm containing 50 LEDs (GaAlAs, 850 nm). The phototherapy will be applied bilaterally on femoral quadriceps and triceps surae muscles during 40 seconds with 3J of total energy for each diode and 150 J of total energy delivery to muscle. Neither subject nor evaluators will known if LED was effective or placebo during data collection. A hidden button in the LED device is employed to ensure the double-blind procedure. This button allows selecting placebo or effective emission of near-infrared radiation while the time display is working. This button will be selected by a researcher who just participated of randomization procedure and LED application and had no access to data collection.
DEVICEPhototherapy through light emitting diode (LED) - 300J
The near-infrared radiation by light emitting diode (LED) will be performed with a cluster multi-diode arranged in an array of 34x18 cm containing 50 LEDs (GaAlAs, 850 nm). The phototherapy will be applied bilaterally on femoral quadriceps and triceps surae muscles during 80 seconds with 6J of total energy for each diode and 300 J of total energy delivery to muscle. Neither subject nor evaluators will known if LED was effective or placebo during data collection. A hidden button in the LED device is employed to ensure the double-blind procedure. This button allows selecting placebo or effective emission of near-infrared radiation while the time display is working. This button will be selected by a researcher who just participated of randomization procedure and LED application and had no access to data collection.
DEVICEPlacebo phototherapy - 300J
The near-infrared radiation by light emitting diode (LED) will be performed with a cluster multi-diode arranged in an array of 34x18 cm containing 50 LEDs (GaAlAs, 850 nm). The phototherapy will be applied bilaterally on femoral quadriceps and triceps surae muscles during 80 seconds with 6J of total energy for each diode and 300 J of total energy delivery to muscle. Neither subject nor evaluators will known if LED was effective or placebo during data collection. A hidden button in the LED device is employed to ensure the double-blind procedure. This button allows selecting placebo or effective emission of near-infrared radiation while the time display is working. This button will be selected by a researcher who just participated of randomization procedure and LED application and had no access to data collection.
Sponsors
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Aparecida Maria Catai
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
45 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* overt coronary disease * sedentary * Clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus * Free of diabetes mellitus to participate of control group
Exclusion criteria
* autonomic neuropathy * Smoking * anemia * alcoholism * disability conditions precluding exercise
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in muscle oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Change in muscle oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in muscle oxygen uptake evaluated through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (Oxymon system, Artinis Medical Systems, Netherlands). The optode of NIRS will be fixed on quadriceps muscle in the right side. |
| Change in muscle oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Change in muscle oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in muscle oxygen uptake evaluated through near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) (Oxymon system, Artinis Medical Systems, Netherlands). The optode of NIRS will be fixed on quadriceps muscle in the right side. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus and 20 health men will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in pulmonary oxygen uptake evaluated through metabolic unit (CPX/D, MedGraphics, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) continuously collected breath-by-breath. |
| Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus and 20 health men will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in pulmonary oxygen uptake evaluated through metabolic unit (CPX/D, MedGraphics, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) continuously collected breath-by-breath. |
| Change in baroreflex sensitivity after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Time Frame: Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus and 20 health men will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in baroreflex sensitivity evaluated through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands). |
| Change in baroreflex sensitivity after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Time Frame: Change in pulmonary oxygen uptake after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus and 20 health men will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in baroreflex sensitivity evaluated through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands). |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in arterial blood pressure after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Change in arterial blood pressure after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in arterial blood pressure evaluated continuously through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands) |
| Change in arterial blood pressure after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Change in arterial blood pressure after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in arterial blood pressure evaluated continuously through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands) |
| Change in glucose and lactate concentrations after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Change in glucose and lactate concentrations after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in glucose and lactate concentrations. Blood samples will be collected by puncturing ear lobe before and 10 minutes after each exercise test had been concluded and will be processed with glucose and lactate analyser (YSI 2300 STAT PLUS - Yellow Springs Instruments - Yellow Springs, USA) |
| Change in glucose and lactate concentrations after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Change in glucose and lactate concentrations after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in glucose and lactate concentrations. Blood samples will be collected by puncturing ear lobe before and 10 minutes after each exercise test had been concluded and will be processed with glucose and lactate analyser (YSI 2300 STAT PLUS - Yellow Springs Instruments - Yellow Springs, USA) |
| Change in heart rate after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 150J | Change in heart rate after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 40 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in heart rate evaluated continuously through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands) |
| Change in heart rate after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy with light emitting diode (LED) - 300J | Change in heart rate after phototherapy and placebo phototherapy initial, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks | 20 men with diabetes mellitus will receive effective-phototherapy (cluster multi-diode containing 50 LEDs applied for 80 seconds over muscle quadriceps bilaterally) or Placebo-phototherapy using the same device and procedures. Effective and placebo phototherapy will be performed 2 times each and the sequence will be random, with 14 days of rest between evaluations. The therapies will be applied 10 minutes before dynamic physical exercise of constant workload and moderate intensity to evaluate the phototherapy effect in heart rate evaluated continuously through pulse plethysmograph (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, The Netherlands) |
Countries
Brazil
Contacts
Primary ContactCristina O Francisco, Master
Backup ContactRenata Gonçalves, Physiotherapist
Outcome results
None listed