Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus Influenzae Type b, Measles
Conditions
Keywords
Short Message System, SMS reminder, mobile phone, cell phone, vaccination, immunization, mHealth
Brief summary
The project goal is to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test whether mobile phone short message system (SMS) reminders, either with or without mobile-phone based travel subsidies will improve timeliness, coverage, and drop-out rates of routine EPI vaccines in rural western Kenya.
Interventions
Sponsors
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Kenya Medical Research Institute
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
0 Weeks to 5 Weeks
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Mother of infant aged 0-4 weeks during the study period 2. Current resident of one of the study villages 3. Willing to sign informed consent for the study
Exclusion criteria
1. Plans to move out of the study area in the next 6 months 2. Resides in a village with active immunization intervention/program 3. Has already received immunizations other than birth dose of BCG or polio
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Percent of children immunized | Up to 12 months of age |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of children vaccinated by study arm | Within 2 weeks of each scheduled vaccine date | The proportion of intervention arm infants that receive vaccination within 2 weeks of the scheduled date will be calculated for each dose of vaccine and compared to the control arm using statistical analyses that adjust for our cluster design and any socio-demographic variables that may be unequally distributed across study arms |
| Proportion of children dropping out between doses | Age 24 weeks | Comparison of the differences in percentages of children vaccinated with pentavalent1 and pentavalent3 in the interventions arms compared to this difference in the control arm using statistical analyses that adjust for our cluster design and any socio-demographic variables that may be unequally distributed across study arms |
| Proportion of children receiving measles and pentavalent vaccines by study arm | Age 24 weeks (pentavalent only), 10 months and age 12 months | Comparison of vaccine coverage (pentavalent3 and measles, separately) between intervention and control arms |
| Proportion in each arm vaccinated by mobile phone ownership and by residential distance from a health facility | Age 12 months | Vaccine coverage analysis stratified by mobile phone ownership and residential distance |
| Percent of fully immunized children (FIC) by study arm | 10 months of age | FIC = One dose bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, three doses pentavalent (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine, three doses polio vaccine and one dose measles vaccine. The proportion of FIC infants by 10 months of age in each of the intervention arms (SMS only and SMS + subsidy) will be separately compared to the control arm using statistical analyses that adjust for the cluster design and any socio-demographic variables that may be unequally distributed across study arms |
| Direct costs for each intervention arm | 25 months, approximate time period for deploying interventions | Costs include SMS messages, the amount of travel subsidy transferred, and the tariffs and fees that are associated with using mobile-money. For each arm, these costs will be divided by the number of children vaccinated and comparisons will be made across study arms |
| Bed-net usage, to evaluate if the interventions had impact on other indicators of health status | Age 12 months | Proportion of children using bed-nets will be compared across study groups |
| Vitamin A coverage, o evaluate if the interventions had impact on other indicators of health status | Age 12 months | Proportion of children who have received vitamin A supplementation will be compared across study groups |
| Height-for-age,to evaluate if the interventions had impact on other health status indicators | Age 12 months | Using regression, average height for age in each group will be compared across study groups |
Countries
Kenya
Outcome results
None listed