Appetite Regulation, Glucose Metabolism, Health
Conditions
Keywords
sodium alginate, chocolate milk, satiety, energy intake, glycemia, insulinemia
Brief summary
This study compares the effects of isovolumetric (325 ml) preloads of chocolate milk supplemented with sodium alginates at incremental doses on inter-meal glucose levels, appetite scores and food intake in healthy adult men. The findings of this study will illustrate whether the addition of sodium alginate to chocolate milk will improve the glycemic properties of chocolate milk and will potentiate its satiating characteristics. This study will also elucidate whether sodium alginates, incorporated into chocolate milk, will influence glycemia, appetite sensations and food intake in a dose-dependent manner. It is hypothesized that there will be a synergy between milk and sodium alginate beyond either alone. When combined with milk components, sodium alginate is expected to improve glycemia and induce satiety more than does either milk alone or alginate alone.
Interventions
OTHERDietary intervention
All arms were given to all participants, in a randomized order, to be consumed within 10 min after 12-h overnight fasting.
Sponsors
University of Toronto
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
20 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy, * non-smoking male subjects, * aged 20-30 years with a body mass index between 20 and 24.9 kg/m2, were recruited.
Exclusion criteria
* Breakfast skippers, * smokers, * dieters, * individuals with lactose-intolerance or * who are allergic to milk, * individuals with gastrointestinal problems and * individuals with diabetes or other metabolic diseases were excluded from the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Satiety Change | 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min (pre-meal) and 140, 170, 200, 230 and 260 min (post-meal) after consumption of the treatments | Pre-meal changes from 0 min; Post-meal changes from 120 min Satiety scores (mm) were assessed using 100-mm Motivation to Eat visual analog scale questionnaires. A composite score of the four appetite questions, including Desire to Eat, Hunger, Fullness and Prospective Food Consumption, in the Motivation to Eat visual analog scale was calculated to obtain the average appetite score for statistical analysis. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Food Intake | 120 min | Food intake (kCal) was assessed 120 min after consumption of the treatments, using an ad libitum pizza lunch meal. Participants were asked to eat, during a 20-min period, until feeling comfortably full. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Blood Glucose Change | 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 min (pre-meal) and 140, 170, 200, 230 and 260 min (post-meal) after consumption of the treatments | Pre-meal changes from 0 min; Post-meal changes from 120 min Blood glucose (mmol/L) was measured using finger prick capillary blood sample. |
| Serum Insulin Change | 0, 30, 60, 120 (pre-meal), and 140, 170 and 200 min (post-meal) after consumption of treatments | Pre-meal changes from 0 min; Post-meal changes from 120 min Serum insulin (μU/mL) was measured using finger prick capillary blood sample. |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed