Smoking
Conditions
Keywords
smoking, nasal lavage, exhaled breath condensate, mucociliary transport
Brief summary
Background: Smoking is a key factor for development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although persons with COPD often have concomitant nasal disease, there are few studies that report physiological or inflammatory changes in the upper airways in young asymptomatic smokers. The investigators investigated physiologic and inflammatory changes in the nasal and lower airways of young smokers and if these changes were related to smoking history. Methods: Seventy-two subjects aged ≤ 35 years (32 healthy nonsmokers and 40 young smokers) participated in this study. The investigators measured nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC), nasal mucus physical properties, cell count, myeloperoxidase and cytokines concentrations in nasal lavage fluid, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH and lung function.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* healthy nonsmokers * asymptomatic smokers * after obtaining written informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* inability to understand and follow commands * previous nasal surgery * respiratory infection in the previous 30 days * reported or diagnosed asthma
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Exhaled Breath Condensate pH | six months |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| mucociliary clearance by saccharine transit time test | six months |
Other
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| cytokines in nasal lavage | six months |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed