Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Disorder of Sex Development, Hypospadias, Intersex Conditions
Conditions
Keywords
disorder of sex development, intersex, 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypospadias, decision support tool
Brief summary
The birth of a child with a disorder of sex development (DSD) is stressful for parents and members of the healthcare team. The right decisions about gender assignment (is it a boy? a girl?) and the best course of action (e.g., should there be surgery? what kind? when?) are not obvious. While there have been large advances in diagnostic assessments like genetic and endocrine testing, the tests do not always show what caused the DSD. And, even when the tests do reveal an explanation for the DSD, knowing what happened genetically or hormonally does not usually lead to a single correct treatment plan. Instead, it is likely that there are different acceptable treatment options - and parents will need to make decisions based, in part, on their personal preferences, values, and cultural background. Adding more stress to the situation is knowledge that many of the decisions that need to be made by parents early in a child's life are irreversible and exert life-long consequences for the child and the family. To support parents becoming actively involved in making such decisions, and to reduce the likelihood of future worry and regret about decisions that have been made, the investigators will create a decision support tool (DST). The DST will help educate families about typical and atypical sex development of the body, the process by which DSD are diagnosed (especially how to interpret genetic test results), and possible relationships between diagnostic/genetic testing, decisions about care, and known consequences of those decisions on their child and entire family. The DST will be used by parents of young children together with their child's health care provider. The investigators will bring together a network of researchers, health care providers, representatives of patient support and advocacy organizations, and parents of children with DSD to share their experiences. Participants of this network will be involved at each stage of creating the DST, revising it, and putting it into practice. At the end of this project, the investigators will have a fully formed DST that will be available for parents to use with their child's healthcare team as they are first learning their child may have a DSD.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
Virginia Commonwealth University
Temple University
University of California, Los Angeles
Seattle Children's Hospital
University of Michigan
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Must be a parent/caregiver of a patient who is newborn through 5 years old (i.e., 5.9 yrs). * Patient clinical diagnosis of ambiguous genitalia (eg, 46,XX,Prader 2+; proximal hypospadias with uni/bilateral undescended testes) or sex chromosomes discordant with genital phenotype. * Condition must be newly ascertained where decisions regarding surgical procedures (internal or external genitalia), diagnostic testing, and/or other aspects of clinical management have yet to be made.
Exclusion criteria
* Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, bladder or cloacal exstrophy.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| In-clinic communications | 2.5 years | To assess characteristics of communications between parents/caregivers of young children with DSD and the children's healthcare providers by audio-recording standard-of-care appointments at DSD clinic. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed