Cognitive Ability, General, High Blood Pressure
Conditions
Keywords
Cognitive decline, High blood pressure, Hypertension, Ageing, Dementia, Antihypertensives
Brief summary
Older adults are at increased risk of high blood pressure and cognitive decline. High blood pressure itself also increases risk of cognitive decline. A particular type of blood pressure lowering drug (a calcium channel blocker(CCB)) may lower risk of dementia in younger adults but there is no clear evidence of it's impact in those \>=80. It is important that we know whether CCB use impacts on cognitive function in this age group. This study will examine the impact of antihypertensives on change in cognitive function with a particular focus on CCBs.
Detailed description
This study is an observational cohort study examining cognitive change in those participants taking antihypertensives and aged 80 and over and examining cognitive change in participants taking different types of antihypertensive medication.
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Imperial College London
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
80 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Aged 80 and over Receiving pharmacological treatment for hypertension Mini Mental State Exam score \>24 No other condition likely to limit life to less than one year or to prevent the taking of informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Aged under 80 years Not receiving pharmacological treatment for hypertension Mini Mental State Exam score \<25 Diagnosed with a condition likely to limit life to less than one year or to prevent the taking of informed consent. Presence of a sensory impairment or an existing neuropsychological deficit of sufficient severity to prevent cognitive testing. Presence of a condition that will prevent cognitive testing, registered blind, profoundly deaf, suffering from an aphasia.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Cognitive Function as Measured Using the Extended Mini Mental State Exam | 12 months | The change in cognitive function measured using the extended mini-mental state exam (this is an extended screening test which assesses several areas of cognitive function, the scale is from 0-100, higher scores are better, those without cognitive impairment would be expected to score close to maximum) |
Countries
United Kingdom
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Participants had hypertension and treatment with antihypertensives.The study examined the cognitive change in older adults taking antihypertensives with a particular focus on Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB). Cognitive function was tested at 0 & 12 months. Participation in the study had no impact on treatment.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Older Adult Cohort Older adults receiving treatment with antihypertensive medication | 292 |
| Total | 292 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Death | 4 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 3 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 2 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 36 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Older Adult Cohort |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 83.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 |
| Body Mass Index | 27.5 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.5 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 81 Participants |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 74.8 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 |
| Extended Mini-Mental State Exam | 95 units on a scale |
| Prescribed calcium channel blockers | 135 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Unspecified | 2 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 288 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United Kingdom | 292 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 161 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 131 Participants |
| Systolic blood pressure | 137.1 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.4 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 292 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 292 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 292 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Cognitive Function as Measured Using the Extended Mini Mental State Exam
The change in cognitive function measured using the extended mini-mental state exam (this is an extended screening test which assesses several areas of cognitive function, the scale is from 0-100, higher scores are better, those without cognitive impairment would be expected to score close to maximum)
Time frame: 12 months
Population: Regression analysis examining change in cognitive function in older adults taking antihypertensives, results are reported for those taking calcium channel blocker antihypertensives over one year of follow up.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Older Adult Cohort | Change in Cognitive Function as Measured Using the Extended Mini Mental State Exam | 0.58 Change on a scale |
95% CI: [-0.6, 1.77]