Amyloidosis, Plasma Cell Myeloma
Conditions
Brief summary
This phase I/II trial studies the side effects and the best dose of cyclophosphamide when given together with ixazomib citrate and dexamethasone in treating patients with previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma or light chain amyloidosis. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Ixazomib citrate may stop the growth of cancer cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Giving cyclophosphamide together with ixazomib citrate and dexamethasone may be a better treatment for multiple myeloma or light chain amyloidosis.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the maximum tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide that can be combined with ixazomib citrate (ixazomib) and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). (Phase I Cohort A) II. To determine the complete plus very good partial response rate (\>= VGPR) of ixazomib, used in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic MM. (Phase II Cohort A) III. To determine the hematologic response rate of ixazomib, used in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated light chain amyloidosis. (Phase II Cohort B) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the progression free survival and overall survival among patients with previously untreated symptomatic MM following treatment with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone followed by ixazomib maintenance till progression. (Cohort A) II. To determine the toxicities associated with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated symptomatic MM. (Cohort A) III. To determine the organ response rate of ixazomib, used in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated light chain amyloidosis. (Cohort B) IV. To determine the progression free survival and overall survival among patients with previously untreated light chain amyloidosis following treatment with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone followed by Ixazomib maintenance till progression. (Cohort B) V. To determine the toxicities associated with ixazomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in patients with previously untreated light chain amyloidosis. (Cohort B) TERTIARY OBJECTIVES: I. To examine the pharmacokinetics of ixazomib when used in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. (Cohort A) II. To assess the incidence of neurotoxicity using patient completed questionnaires. (Cohort A) OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of cyclophosphamide followed by a phase II study. INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate orally (PO) on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide PO and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3-6 months for 5 years.
Interventions
DRUGCyclophosphamide
Given PO
DRUGDexamethasone
Given PO
DRUGIxazomib Citrate
Given PO
OTHERLaboratory Biomarker Analysis
Correlative studies
OTHERPharmacological Study
Correlative studies
OTHERQuality-of-Life Assessment
Ancillary studies
OTHERQuestionnaire Administration
Ancillary studies
Sponsors
Mayo Clinic
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* PHASE I ONLY: * COHORT A: multiple myeloma * COHORT B: biopsy proven light chain amyloidosis with organ involvement requiring therapy * Calculated creatinine clearance (using Cockcroft-Gault equation) \>= 30 mL/min * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/mm\^3 * Platelet count \>= 75000/mm\^3 * Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3 x ULN * COHORT B ONLY: alkaline phosphatase =\< 750 U/L * COHORT B ONLY: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) \< 7500 ng/dL * Prior therapy for the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma is permitted, but \> 14 days should have elapsed from the last day of radiation; NOTE: prior therapy with clarithromycin, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), anakinra, pamidronate or zoledronic acid is permitted; any additional agents not listed must be approved by the principal investigator * Measurable disease of multiple myeloma as defined by at least ONE of the following: * Serum monoclonal protein \>= 1.0 g/dL * \> 200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis * Serum immunoglobulin free light chain \>= 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio * COHORT B ONLY: serum immunoglobulin free light chain \>= 5 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1 or 2 * Previously untreated * Provide informed written consent * Negative pregnancy test done =\< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only * Willing to follow strict birth control measures as suggested by the study * Female patients: if they are of childbearing potential, agree to one of the following: * Practice 2 effective methods of contraception, at the same time, from the time of signing the informed consent form through 90 days after the last dose of study drug, AND must also adhere to the guidelines of any treatment-specific pregnancy prevention program, if applicable, OR * Agree to practice true abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject (periodic abstinence \[eg, calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods\] and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception) * Male patients: even if surgically sterilized (ie, status post-vasectomy), must agree to one of the following: * Agree to practice effective barrier contraception during the entire study treatment period and through 90 days after the last dose of study drug, OR * Must also adhere to the guidelines of any treatment-specific pregnancy prevention program, if applicable, OR * Agree to practice true abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject (periodic abstinence \[eg, calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods\] and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception) * Willing to return to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the active monitoring phase of the study)
Exclusion criteria
* Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma only * Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or corticosteroids for the treatment of multiple myeloma; NOTE: prior corticosteroid use for the treatment of non-malignant disorders is permitted * Diagnosed or treated for another malignancy =\< 2 years before study enrollment or previously diagnosed with another malignancy and have any evidence of residual disease; NOTE: patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of any type are not excluded if they have undergone complete resection * Any of the following: * Pregnant women * Nursing women * Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception * Other co-morbidity which would interfere with patient's ability to participate in trial, e.g. uncontrolled infection, uncompensated heart or lung disease * Other concurrent chemotherapy, or any ancillary therapy considered investigational; NOTE: bisphosphonates are considered to be supportive care rather than therapy, and are thus allowed while on protocol treatment * Peripheral neuropathy \>= grade 3 on clinical examination or grade 2 with pain during the screening period * Major surgery =\< 14 days prior to study registration * Systemic treatment with strong CYP3A4 inducers (rifampin, rifapentine, rifabutin, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, Gingko biloba, St. John?s wort) =\< 14 days prior to registration * Evidence of current uncontrolled cardiovascular conditions (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] class III or IV), including hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, unstable angina, or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months; Note: prior to study entry, any electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality at screening must be documented by the investigator as not medically relevant * Radiotherapy =\< 14 days prior to registration; NOTE: if the involved field is small, 7 days will be considered a sufficient interval between treatment and administration of the ixazomib * Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive * Known hepatitis B surface antigen-positive status, or known or suspected active hepatitis C infection * Any serious medical or psychiatric illness that could, in the investigator?s opinion, potentially interfere with the completion of treatment according to this protocol * Known allergy to any of the study medications, their analogues or excipients in the various formulations * Known gastrointestinal (GI) disease or GI procedure that could interfere with the oral absorption or tolerance of ixazomib including difficulty swallowing * Diarrhea \> grade 1, based on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grading, in the absence of antidiarrheals * Participation in clinical trials with other investigational agents not included in this trial, =\< 30 days prior to registration
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of Complete Response, Very Good Partial Response, or Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort B) | Up to 48 weeks | The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated. |
| Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide With Ixazomib and Dexamethasone (Phase I) | At 28 days | Will be defined as the dose level below the lowest dose that induces dose-limiting toxicity in at least 1/3 of patients, as assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. |
| Percentage of Patients With Complete Response or Very Good Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort A) | Up to 48 weeks | The percentage of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated. |
| Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide (Phase I) | At 28 days | Will be defined as the dose level below the lowest dose that induces dose-limiting toxicity in at least 1/3 of patients, as assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Survival Time | Time from registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years | The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. |
| Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or Greater Adverse Event at Least Possibly Related to Treatment as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 | Up to 5 years | The maximum grade for each type of adverse event will be recorded for each patient, and frequency tables will be reviewed to determine patterns. Additionally, the relationship of the adverse event(s) to the study treatment will be taken into consideration. Adverse events will be graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. A grade 3 event is one that is severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self care ADL. |
| Progression-free Survival (PFS) | Time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years | The distribution of PFS will be estimated using the method of Kaplan Meier. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameters | Post-dose, 1 and 4 hours on day 1, pre-dose on days 8, 15, and 22, and day 1 of course 2 | Will be estimated using noncompartmental analysis methods. The plasma PK parameters calculated for individual plasma ixazomib concentration-time data will include, but are not limited to: peak concentration, time to first maximum plasma concentration, and area under the curve. PK parameters will be summarized using descriptive statistics. |
| Quality of Life, as Assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity Questionnaire | Up to 5 years | Patients will be evaluated by overall score at each time point and changes over time will be calculated. These measures will be correlated with outcome using Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier methods where appropriate. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
The phase I participants are grouped with the phase II, cohort A participants because they were grouped in the published manuscript
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Phase I/II, Cohort A Patients with multiple myeloma\>
\> INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide PO and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Cyclophosphamide: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Dexamethasone: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Ixazomib Citrate: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Pharmacological Study: Correlative studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Quality-of-Life Assessment: Ancillary studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Questionnaire Administration: Ancillary studies | 48 |
| Phase II, Cohort B Patients with biopsy proven light chain amyloidosis with organ involvement\> requiring therapy\>
\> INDUCTION THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15 and cyclophosphamide PO and dexamethasone PO on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> MAINTENANCE THERAPY: Patients receive ixazomib citrate PO on days 1, 8, and 15. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Cyclophosphamide: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Dexamethasone: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Ixazomib Citrate: Given PO\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Laboratory Biomarker Analysis: Correlative studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Pharmacological Study: Correlative studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Quality-of-Life Assessment: Ancillary studies\>
\>\>
\>
\>\> Questionnaire Administration: Ancillary studies | 35 |
| Total | 83 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Ineligible | 3 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Phase I/II, Cohort A | Phase II, Cohort B |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 65 years | 64.5 years | 67 years |
| ECOG Performance Status 0 | 41 Participants | 25 Participants | 16 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 1 | 36 Participants | 19 Participants | 17 Participants |
| ECOG Performance Status 2 | 6 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 81 Participants | 46 Participants | 35 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 83 participants | 48 participants | 35 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 34 Participants | 23 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 49 Participants | 25 Participants | 24 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 2 / 48 | 7 / 35 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 48 / 48 | 35 / 35 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 16 / 48 | 15 / 35 |
Outcome results
Primary
Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide (Phase I)
Will be defined as the dose level below the lowest dose that induces dose-limiting toxicity in at least 1/3 of patients, as assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.
Time frame: At 28 days
Population: The 10 patients accrued to the phase I portion of the study were analyzed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ixazomib with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide (Phase I) | 400 mg/m² weekly |
Primary
Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide With Ixazomib and Dexamethasone (Phase I)
Will be defined as the dose level below the lowest dose that induces dose-limiting toxicity in at least 1/3 of patients, as assessed by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0.
Time frame: At 28 days
Population: The 10 patients accrued to the phase I portion of the study were analyzed to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ixazomib with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide With Ixazomib and Dexamethasone (Phase I) | MTD of ixazomib | 4 mg weekly |
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Maximum Tolerated (MTD) Dose of Cyclophosphamide With Ixazomib and Dexamethasone (Phase I) | MTD of dexamethasone | 40 mg weekly |
Primary
Percentage of Patients With Complete Response or Very Good Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort A)
The percentage of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated.
Time frame: Up to 48 weeks
Population: Includes only eligible patients in phase II, cohort A
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Percentage of Patients With Complete Response or Very Good Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort A) | 35 percentage of participants |
Primary
Rate of Complete Response, Very Good Partial Response, or Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort B)
The proportion of successes will be estimated by the number of successes divided by the total number of evaluable patients. Exact binomial 95% confidence intervals for the true success proportion will be calculated.
Time frame: Up to 48 weeks
Population: Includes only patients with biopsy proven light chain amyloidosis with organ involvement\>\> requiring therapy at baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Rate of Complete Response, Very Good Partial Response, or Partial Response (Phase II, Cohort B) | 63 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or Greater Adverse Event at Least Possibly Related to Treatment as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0
The maximum grade for each type of adverse event will be recorded for each patient, and frequency tables will be reviewed to determine patterns. Additionally, the relationship of the adverse event(s) to the study treatment will be taken into consideration. Adverse events will be graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. A grade 3 event is one that is severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self care ADL.
Time frame: Up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or Greater Adverse Event at Least Possibly Related to Treatment as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 | 36 Participants |
| Phase II, Cohort B | Number of Patients Experiencing a Grade 3 or Greater Adverse Event at Least Possibly Related to Treatment as Assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 | 16 Participants |
Secondary
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
The distribution of PFS will be estimated using the method of Kaplan Meier.
Time frame: Time from registration to the earliest date of documentation of disease progression or death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | NA months |
| Phase II, Cohort B | Progression-free Survival (PFS) | NA months |
Secondary
Survival Time
The distribution of survival time will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.
Time frame: Time from registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Ixazomib Citrate, Cyclophosphamide, Dexamethasone) | Survival Time | NA months |
| Phase II, Cohort B | Survival Time | NA months |
Other Pre-specified
Pharmacokinetic (PK) Parameters
Will be estimated using noncompartmental analysis methods. The plasma PK parameters calculated for individual plasma ixazomib concentration-time data will include, but are not limited to: peak concentration, time to first maximum plasma concentration, and area under the curve. PK parameters will be summarized using descriptive statistics.
Time frame: Post-dose, 1 and 4 hours on day 1, pre-dose on days 8, 15, and 22, and day 1 of course 2
Other Pre-specified
Quality of Life, as Assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity Questionnaire
Patients will be evaluated by overall score at each time point and changes over time will be calculated. These measures will be correlated with outcome using Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier methods where appropriate.
Time frame: Up to 5 years