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Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Regorafenib (BAY73-4506) in Cancer Subjects With Severe Renal Impairment

A Phase I, Multi-center, Non-randomized, Open Label, Parallel-group Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Regorafenib (BAY73-4506) in Cancer Subjects With Severe Renal Impairment Compared to a Control Group

Status
Completed
Phases
Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT01853046
Enrollment
24
Registered
2013-05-14
Start date
2013-06-30
Completion date
2015-11-30
Last updated
2017-02-20

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Neoplasms

Keywords

Regorafenib, pharmacokinetics, safety, severe renal impairment, Solid tumors

Brief summary

To characterize the pharmacokinetics and safety of regorafenib in cancer subjects with severe renal impairment when compared to the Control group (cancer subjects with normal or mildly impaired renal function)

Interventions

DRUGRegorafenib (Stivarga, BAY73-4506)

Regorafenib 160 mg o.d. will be administered as a single dose on Day 1 of Stage 1 followed by multiple dosing in an intermittent administration schedule (3 week-on/1 week-off) over 2 cycles in Stage 2 (56 days, cycle defined as 28 days)

Sponsors

Bayer
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Subjects with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic, refractory solid tumors who are not candidates for standard therapy * Male or female subject ≥ 18 years of age * Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test performed within 7 days before start of study treatment * Life expectancy at least 8 weeks * Adequate bone marrow, and liver function as assessed by the following laboratory requirements conducted within 7 days of starting the study treatment * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0, 1 or 2 * For subjects with NORMAL OR MILDLY IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION (Control group); to be tested within 7 days of starting the study treatment: * Estimated creatinine clearance (CLcr) ≥ 60 mL/min as calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation * For subjects with SEVERELY IMPAIRED renal function; to be tested within 7 days of starting the study treatment: * CLcr 15-29 mL/min as calculated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation

Exclusion criteria

* Symptomatic metastatic brain or meningeal tumors * Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days before start of study medication * History of organ allograft * Non-healing wound, skin ulcer, or bone fracture * Pheochromocytoma * Uncontrolled concurrent medical illness including uncontrolled hypertension * History of cardiac disease * Pleural effusion or ascites that causes respiratory compromise * Interstitial lung disease with ongoing signs and symptoms at the time of screening * Arterial or venous thrombotic or embolic events such as cerebrovascular accident (including transient ischemic attacks), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 6 months before the start of study medication * Subjects with evidence or history of bleeding diathesis; any hemorrhage or bleeding event NCI-CTCAE Grade ≥ 3 or higher within 4 weeks of start of investigational treatment * Dehydration NCI-CTCAEversion 4.0 Grade ≥ 1 * Unresolved toxicity higher than NCI-CTCAE version 4.0 Grade 1 attributed to any prior therapy/procedure (excluding alopecia or anemia or grade 2 neuropathy that is not reversible due to oxaliplatin) * Seizure disorder requiring anticonvulsant therapy (such as steroids or anti-epileptics) * For subjects with SEVERELY IMPAIRED renal function: * Renal failure requiring hemo- or peritoneal dialysis * Acute renal failure * Acute nephritis * Nephrotic syndrome

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
AE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 1-2: 0-24 hoursAmount of drug excreted into urine during the collection interval 0-24 hours post dose was expressed as percentage of administered dose.
AUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. The AUC(0-tlast) \[Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point \>LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)\] is a measure of systemic drug exposure from time 0 up to the time point at which the last measurable drug could be detectable, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
AUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. The AUC is a measure of systemic drug exposure, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample; AUC(0-24) is defined as AUC divided from zero to 24 hours after single (first) dose.
Cmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Cmax refers to the highest measured drug concentration which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.
Tmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Tmax refers to the time after dosing when a drug attains its highest measurable concentration (Cmax). It is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples at various times after dosing, and measuring them for drug content.
Tlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dosebased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.
t1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. t1/2 refers to the elimination of the drug. It is the time taken for the blood plasma concentration to reach half the concentration in the terminal phase of elimination. It is expressed in hours (h) and derived from the terminal slope of the concentration versus time curve.
CL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Clearance of a drug is a measure of the rate at which a drug is metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes. Clearance obtained after oral dose (apparent oral clearance) is influenced by the fraction of the dose absorbed. Clearance was estimated from population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. Drug clearance is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the blood.
Vz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Volume of distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired plasma concentration of a drug. Apparent volume of distribution after oral dose (Vz/F) is influenced by the fraction absorbed.
AUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.
Cmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Cmax refers to the highest measured drug concentration which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.
AUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dosebased on non-compartmental PK evaluation.
Tlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dosebased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
RACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Up to 25 daysBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. Accumulation ratio based on maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was calculated as ratio of Cmax,md and Cmax.
RAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Up to 25 daysBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. RAAUC calculated as ratio of AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24).
RLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Up to 25 daysBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. RLin is the linearity factor of PK after multiple administrations of identical doses calculated as ratio of AUC(0-24)md and AUC.
AE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 21-22: 0-24 hoursbased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
AE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 1-2: 0-10 hoursbased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
AE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 1-2: 10-24 hoursbased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
AE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 21-22: 0-10 hoursbased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
AE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Days 21-22: 10-24 hoursbased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
Tmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dosebased on non-compartmental PK evaluation
AUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-doseBased on non-compartmental PK evaluation. AUC is a measure of the serum concentration of the drug over time. It is used to characterize drug absorption.

Other

MeasureTime frameDescription
Tumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Up to 6 monthsPositron emission tomography - computed tomography (ET-CT), CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of all anatomic regions involved with the disease were performed to assess tumor response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, Version 1.1. (RECIST v1.1). Bone metastases were assessed by bone scintigraphy (bone scan). Tumor measurements and evaluation of tumor response were performed at baseline and within the last 7 days of Cycle 2. Thereafter, if subjects continued regorafenib treatment, tumor assessments were performed after every third cycle and at the end-of-treatment (EOT) visit. In addition, outcome of Assessment of Bone Metastases by Scintigraphy if Applicable (Bone Scan) was registered, the results of which has been reported as tumor response in this outcome as well.

Countries

Canada, United States

Participant flow

Recruitment details

Overall, 39 adult male or female participants with locally advanced and / or metastatic solid tumors were screened at 4 study centers in Canada and 4 study centers in the USA.

Pre-assignment details

15 participants (38.5% of 39) were screening failures and 24 participants received treatment with regorafenib. All 15 participants who failed to meet the inclusion and / or exclusion criteria were not assigned to study

Participants by arm

ArmCount
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal Impairment
Participants with normal/mild renal impairment received Regorafenib 160 mg o.d.as a single dose in Stage 1, Day 1 with a washout of at least 5 days, followed by multiple dosing in an intermittent administration schedule (3 week on / 1 week off) over 2 cycles in Stage 2 (56 days). Cycle 2 started immediately after Cycle 1. A Cycle for this study is defined as 28 days.
18
Regorafenib (Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal Impairment
Participants with severe renal impairment received Regorafenib 160 mg o.d. as a single dose in Stage 1, Day 1 with a washout of at least 5 days, followed by multiple dosing in an intermittent administration schedule (3 week on / 1 week off) over 2 cycles in Stage 2 (56 days). Cycle 2 started immediately after Cycle 1. A Cycle for this study is defined as 28 days.
6
Total24

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001
Overall StudyAdverse Event42
Overall StudyDisease progression133
Overall StudyWithdrawal by Subject11

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicRegorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRegorafenib (Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTotal
Age, Continuous62.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.6
64.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9
62.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9
Gender
Female
9 Participants4 Participants13 Participants
Gender
Male
9 Participants2 Participants11 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
— / —— / —
other
Total, other adverse events
18 / 186 / 6
serious
Total, serious adverse events
9 / 182 / 6

Outcome results

Primary

AE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

Amount of drug excreted into urine during the collection interval 0-24 hours post dose was expressed as percentage of administered dose.

Time frame: Days 1-2: 0-24 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-73.607 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 1.124
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-81.120 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.737
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-71.309 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.649
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24) (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.184 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.229
Primary

AUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. The AUC(0-tlast) \[Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point \>LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)\] is a measure of systemic drug exposure from time 0 up to the time point at which the last measurable drug could be detectable, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib67.2 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 45.5
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-227.8 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 80.4
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-55.25 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 145
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib76.6 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 50.3
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-52.34 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 79.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast) [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve After Single (First) Dose From Time Zero to the Last Data Point >LLOQ (Lower Limit of Quantification)] for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-219.0 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 58.7
Comparison: Point estimates (LS-means) and 2-sided exploratory 90% confidence intervals for AUC(0-tlast) of regorafenib calculated by re-transformation of the logarithmic data from ANOVAs.90% CI: [0.796, 1.63]
Comparison: Point estimates (LS-means) and 2-sided exploratory 90% confidence intervals for AUC(0-tlast) of metabolites M-2 calculated by re-transformation of the logarithmic data from ANOVAs.90% CI: [0.397, 1.18]
Comparison: Point estimates (LS-means) and 2-sided exploratory 90% confidence intervals for AUC(0-tlast) of metabolites M-5 calculated by re-transformation of the logarithmic data from ANOVAs90% CI: [0.2, 0.996]
Secondary

AE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 1-2: 0-10 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-71.752 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.611
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.486 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.382
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-70.449 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.301
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 1 (Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 0-10 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.053 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.089
Secondary

AE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 21-22: 0-10 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-72.655 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 1.346
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-81.292 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.902
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-70.600 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.255
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-10) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.469 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.338
Secondary

AE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 21-22: 0-24 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-75.094 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 2.322
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-82.566 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 1.561
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-71.647 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.753
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(0-24)md (AE,ur(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-81.238 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.684
Secondary

AE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 1-2: 10-24 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-71.855 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.629
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.634 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.374
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-70.746 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.441
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 1 ((Amount of Drug Excreted Via Urine During the Collection Interval 10-24 Hours Post Administration) for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.117 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.133
Secondary

AE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 21-22: 10-24 hours

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-72.440 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 1.098
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-81.274 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.712
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-71.047 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.738
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAE,ur(10-24) Stage 2 for Metabolites M-7 and M-8Regorafenib metabolites M-80.769 percentage of doseStandard Deviation 0.497
Secondary

AUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. The AUC is a measure of systemic drug exposure, which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample; AUC(0-24) is defined as AUC divided from zero to 24 hours after single (first) dose.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 hours post-dose

Population: In Normal/mild renal impairment group, participants analyzed for regorafenib, M-2 and M-5 are n=18, 18, and 17 respectively. In Severe renal impairment group, participants analyzed for regorafenib, M-2 and M-5 are n=6, 6, and 5 respectively. Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib30.0 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 39.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-51.17 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 116
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-213.5 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 70
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib28.4 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 62
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-27.93 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 72.7
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24) (AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours p.a. After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-50.474 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 101
Secondary

AUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.

Time frame: Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 24 hours post-dose

Population: In Normal/mild renal impairment group, number of participants analyzed is 13. In Severe renal impairment group, number of participants analyzed is 4. Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib56.0 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 56.4
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-253.9 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 63.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-549.7 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 130
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib45.2 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 45.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-235.0 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 207
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-24)md ((AUC(0-24) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-534.2 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 438
Secondary

AUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.

Time frame: Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib133 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 55.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2136 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 64.9
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5183 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 128
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib111 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 54.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-292.3 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 280
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC(0-tlast)md (AUC(0-tlast) After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5134 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 459
Secondary

AUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. AUC is a measure of the serum concentration of the drug over time. It is used to characterize drug absorption.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)59.5 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 26.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)32.6 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 89
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA mg*h/L
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)98.7 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 71
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)20.8 mg*h/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 65.4
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentAUC (Area Under the Plasma Concentration vs. Time Curve From Zero to Infinity After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA mg*h/L
Secondary

CL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Clearance of a drug is a measure of the rate at which a drug is metabolized or eliminated by normal biological processes. Clearance obtained after oral dose (apparent oral clearance) is influenced by the fraction of the dose absorbed. Clearance was estimated from population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. Drug clearance is a quantitative measure of the rate at which a drug substance is removed from the blood.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)2.69 L/HGeometric Coefficient of Variation 26.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)5.08 L/HGeometric Coefficient of Variation 89
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA L/H
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)1.62 L/HGeometric Coefficient of Variation 71
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)7.95 L/HGeometric Coefficient of Variation 65.4
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCL/F (Total Body Clearance of Drug After Extravascular Administration) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA L/H
Secondary

Cmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Cmax refers to the highest measured drug concentration which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib2.45 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 47
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-21.01 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 66.7
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-50.0877 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 125
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib2.00 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 69.7
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-20.525 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 69.6
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax (Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-50.0341 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 67
Secondary

Cmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Cmax refers to the highest measured drug concentration which is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples and measuring the concentrations of drug in each sample.

Time frame: Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib3.52 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 54.9
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-23.52 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 58.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-53.25 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 133
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib2.87 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 62.2
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-22.29 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 257
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentCmax,md (Cmax After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-52.23 mg/LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 659
Secondary

RAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. RAAUC calculated as ratio of AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24).

Time frame: Up to 25 days

Population: In Normal/mild renal impairment group, participants analyzed for regorafenib, M-2 and M-5 are n=13, 13 and 12 respectively. In Severe renal impairment group, participants analyzed for regorafenib, M-2 and M-5 are n=4, 4 and 3 respectively. Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib1.97 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 57.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-24.32 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 45
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-548.3 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 76
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib1.96 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 52
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-26.00 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 172
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRAAUC (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From AUC(0-24)md and AUC(0-24)) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-587.0 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 585
Secondary

RACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. Accumulation ratio based on maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was calculated as ratio of Cmax,md and Cmax.

Time frame: Up to 25 days

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib1.51 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 60
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-23.83 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 44.9
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-539.7 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 94
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib1.96 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 68.2
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-25.94 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 216
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRACmax (Accumulation Ratio Calculated From Cmax,md and Cmax) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-581.8 Accumulation RatioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 515
Secondary

RLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. RLin is the linearity factor of PK after multiple administrations of identical doses calculated as ratio of AUC(0-24)md and AUC.

Time frame: Up to 25 days

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=5, 2)0.957 Linearity factor calculated as ratioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 49.2
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n= 9, 2)1.98 Linearity factor calculated as ratioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 40.7
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA Linearity factor calculated as ratio
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=5, 2)0.469 Linearity factor calculated as ratioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 5.24
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n= 9, 2)1.19 Linearity factor calculated as ratioGeometric Coefficient of Variation 144
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentRLin (Linearity Factor Calculated as Ratio From AUC(0-24)md and AUC) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA Linearity factor calculated as ratio
Secondary

t1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation. t1/2 refers to the elimination of the drug. It is the time taken for the blood plasma concentration to reach half the concentration in the terminal phase of elimination. It is expressed in hours (h) and derived from the terminal slope of the concentration versus time curve.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)28.7 hGeometric Coefficient of Variation 23
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)26.2 hGeometric Coefficient of Variation 25.7
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)27.9 hGeometric Coefficient of Variation 32
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal Impairmentt1/2 (Half-life Associated With the Terminal Slope) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)25.5 hGeometric Coefficient of Variation 24
Secondary

Tlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib96.0 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-296.0 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-596.0 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib95.3 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-295.3 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast,md (Tlast After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-595.3 h
Secondary

Tlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib95.7 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-295.7 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-595.7 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib95.8 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-295.8 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTlast (Time of Last Data Point >LLOQ) After Single (First) Dose for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-595.8 h
Secondary

Tmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

based on non-compartmental PK evaluation

Time frame: Days 21-25: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib3.97 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-24.12 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-50.000 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib4.25 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-24.00 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax,md (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Multiple-dose Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-50.000 h
Secondary

Tmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Tmax refers to the time after dosing when a drug attains its highest measurable concentration (Cmax). It is obtained by collecting a series of blood samples at various times after dosing, and measuring them for drug content.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

ArmMeasureGroupValue (MEDIAN)
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib4.03 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-24.03 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-547.8 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib3.04 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-26.04 h
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTmax (Time to Reach Maximum Drug Concentration in Plasma After Single (First) Dose) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-548.9 h
Secondary

Vz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5

Based on non-compartmental PK evaluation.Volume of distribution is defined as the theoretical volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to produce the desired plasma concentration of a drug. Apparent volume of distribution after oral dose (Vz/F) is influenced by the fraction absorbed.

Time frame: Days 1-5: Pre-dose, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 48 and 96 hours post-dose

Population: Participants with a valid pharmacokinetic profile for non compartmental analysis were reported.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (GEOMETRIC_MEAN)Dispersion
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)111 LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 31.9
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)192 LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 83.8
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA L
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib (n=6, 3)65.2 LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 81
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-2 (n=13, 4)292 LGeometric Coefficient of Variation 71.1
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentVz/F (Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase After Single (First) Oral Administration) for Regorafenib and Its Pharmacologically Active Metabolites M-2 and M-5Regorafenib metabolites M-5 (n=0, 0)NA L
Other Pre-specified

Tumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)

Positron emission tomography - computed tomography (ET-CT), CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of all anatomic regions involved with the disease were performed to assess tumor response using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, Version 1.1. (RECIST v1.1). Bone metastases were assessed by bone scintigraphy (bone scan). Tumor measurements and evaluation of tumor response were performed at baseline and within the last 7 days of Cycle 2. Thereafter, if subjects continued regorafenib treatment, tumor assessments were performed after every third cycle and at the end-of-treatment (EOT) visit. In addition, outcome of Assessment of Bone Metastases by Scintigraphy if Applicable (Bone Scan) was registered, the results of which has been reported as tumor response in this outcome as well.

Time frame: Up to 6 months

Population: Participants in the Normal/mild renal impairment group had only tumor assessments at screening, thus excluded from efficacy analysis.

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Stable disease (SD)10 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Complete response (CR)0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Partial response (PR)0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Non CR/Non PD0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Progressive disease (PD)5 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga, BAY73-4506)-Normal/Mild Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Not evaluable0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Progressive disease (PD)1 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Non CR/Non PD0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Complete response (CR)0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Not evaluable0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Partial response (PR)0 participants
Regorafenib(Stivarga,BAY73-4506)-Severe Renal ImpairmentTumor Response Assessment for Measurable Lesions According to RECIST, v1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors)Stable disease (SD)5 participants

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026