Determination of Changes in Total Body Stores of Vitamin A in Response to Orange Maize Consumption by Zambian Children

Conditions

Vitamin A Status With Maize Feeding

Keywords

vitamin A, maize, total body reserves, Condition is vitamin A status., Focus: change in vitamin A status with maize feeding., Focus: feeding orange maize to children for 90 days., Focus: total body reserves of vitamin A.

Brief summary

Determination of liver stores of vitamin A will be determined before and after consumption of high pro-vitamin A orange maize, compared to low provitamin A white maize.

Detailed description

This study will determine the change in total body stores of vitamin A in response to feeding orange maize for 90 days. This will be compared to two other groups of children that are fed white maize, one of which will get a vitamin A supplement at the estimated average requirement.

Sheftel J, Valentine AR, Hull AK, Fadjarwati T, Gannon BM, Davis CR, Tanumihardjo SA.

2021-05-017 citations

10.1093/ajcn/nqaa132

Restricting vitamin A intake increases bone formation in Zambian children with high liver stores of vitamin.

Tanumihardjo SA, Gannon BM, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Binkley NC.

2019-06-2812 citations

10.1007/s11657-019-0617-y

Serum retinol concentrations demonstrate high specificity after correcting for inflammation but questionable sensitivity compared with liver stores calculated from isotope dilution in determining vitamin A deficiency in Thai and Zambian children.

Suri DJ, Tanumihardjo JP, Gannon BM, Pinkaew S, Kaliwile C, Chileshe J, Tanumihardjo SA.

2015-10-0726 citations

10.3945/ajcn.115.113050

Biofortified orange maize is as efficacious as a vitamin A supplement in Zambian children even in the presence of high liver reserves of vitamin A: a community-based, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Gannon B, Kaliwile C, Arscott SA, Schmaelzle S, Chileshe J, Kalungwana N, Mosonda M, Pixley K, Masi C, Tanumihardjo SA.

2014-10-08120 citations

10.3945/ajcn.114.087379

Interventions

OTHEROrange maize feeding

This group was fed orange maize.

OTHERVitamin A supplement

This group received a dose of vitamin A at the estimated average requirement each feeding day of the intervention.

OTHEROil only

This group received a small amount of plain oil without vitamin A.

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

PARALLEL

Primary purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

SINGLE (Investigator)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

57 Months to 88 Months

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

1. Children aged 57-88 months at the time of initiation of the study 2. Children living in the locality defined by the study and not enrolled in school. 3. Consent from parent/guardian.

Exclusion criteria

1. Severely malnourished children (weight for age or height z-scores \<-3 standard deviations below the WHO growth reference standards) 2. Children found to be below 57 months and still holding an under five card or above 88 months at the time of initiation of the study or enrolled in school, based on verification of birth dates at screening 3. Children whose families plan to leave the study area before completion of the study 4. Consent not obtained from parent/guardian 5. Children suffering from diarrhea at the time of initiation of the study or with high fever, based on the report of symptoms by the parent/guardian 6. Children with severe anemia (Hb \<7.0 g/dL) as determined at the baseline blood draw.

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame	Description
Vitamin A status changes	After the intervention, which is approximately 3 months.	Vitamin A status is measured before and after the intervention.

Outcome results

None listed