Breast Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this research study is to determine whether melatonin taken every night can affect blood levels of estrogen or IGF (insulin-growth factor levels). Both IGF and estrogen are normally produced in the body and may influence breast cancer risk. Melatonin is also naturally produced in the body. Laboratory studies have shown that melatonin may decrease cancer growth and influence estrogen and IGF levels. Melatonin's effects on sleep, hot flashes, and mood will also be measured.
Detailed description
If you agree to participate in this study you will be asked to undergo a blood test to find out if you are eligible. Approximately 2 tablespoons of blood will be drawn. The blood test will check your health and menopausal status. This test will aslo be used to help measure any additional effects of the study drug on your body. If you have had a blood test recently, it may or may not have to be repeated. If these tests show that you are eligible to participate in the research study, you will begin the study. If you do not meet the eligibility criteria, you will not be able to participate. Because no one knows which of the study options is best, and all of the options are considered likely to work, you will be randomized into one of the study groups: melatonin or placebo. Randomization means that you are put into a group by chance. It is like flipping a coin. Neither you nor the research doctor will choose what group you will be in. You will have an equal chance of being placed in either group. Neither you nor the research doctor will know what group you are in. You will not know the identity of your study treatment until after the final research analysis has taken place. Once this has happened, you will be mailed a letter from the principal research doctor telling you which study drug you received while on study. You will be given a study drug and it will either contain melatonin or placebo (pills with no medical effect). You will take one tablet by mouth every night as close to 9:00 pm as possible. You should not make up missed doses. You will be given enough study drug to last 4 months. You will also be given a study medication-dosing calendar to write down times you took the study drug for each month you are taking the study drug. Before taking the study drug, you will have blood tests to look at the level of estrogen and IGF in your blood. Approximately 2 tablespoons of blood will be drawn. At this visit, you will also be asked to complete a questionnaire that will take approximately 15 minutes. A member of the research study staff will check in by telephone once a month to monitor your experiences on the research study. You may also contact a member of the research study staff at any time if you have any questions or concerns. You should tell your research doctor if you are currently taking black cohosh, flaxseed or soy in pill or supplement form, as it may affect your participation in this research study. After you have completed approximately 4 months of study drug, you will return to clinic to see a member of the research study staff. At this visit you will have the following tests and procedures: You will have blood tests to look at the level of estrogen and IGF in your blood. Approximately 2 tablespoons of blood will be drawn. You must return your study medication-dosing calendar and all of your pill bottles at the end of the research study to a member of the research study staff. You wil also be asked to complete a questionnaire that will take about 15 minutes.
Interventions
DRUGMelatonin 3 mg
Melatonin vs. Placebo
Sponsors
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* History of ductal carcinoma in situ, lobular carcinoma in situ or stages 1-3 breast cancer * Not currently receiving chemotherapy or hormonal therapy * Postmenopausal
Exclusion criteria
* Stage IV breast cancer or systemic recurrences * Prior malignancies of any type other than breast cancer, basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * Use of adjuvant hormonal therapy, oral estrogen or progesterone replacement therapy, lutenizing hormone releasing hormone agonists currently or within the past 60 days * Concomitant use of beta-blockers * Concomitant nightly use of sleep aids at bedtime * Working more than one overnight shift per month on a regular basis * Concomitant use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy * Concomitant use of black cohosh, flaxseed or soy in pill or supplement form * Use of any type of oral melatonin supplementation within the past 30 days * Use of warfarin (coumadin) within the past 30 days * Active seizure disorder requiring the use of daily anti-epileptic medication
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute Plasma Estradiol Levels After 4 Month Course of Melatonin or Placebo | 4 months | Absolute plasma estradiol levels after 4 month course of melatonin or placebo, only 4 month level provided below. |
| Compliance | 4 months | To evaluate compliance with a 4 month course of melatonin. Compliance was assessed via pill counts. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | baseline and 4 months | Mood was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression Scale. The scale measures depressive symptoms in 20 items. Each question has a 4 point answer (0-3) so the scale range is 0-60. A higher score indicates more depression. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. There are 19 questions each with a 3 point answer. The questions are grouped into 7 subscales and each has a value from 0-3. The 7 subscales are then added together to yield a global score with a range of 0-21. Higher scores indicate worse sleep. Menopausal symptoms were assessed by NCCTG Hot Flash diary. Subjects track the number and severity of hot flashes daily for 1 week. Subjects grade the severity of the hot flashes on a scale of 1-4, with 1 being mild and 4 very severe. Frequency and the severity determine the score . The minimum score is 0 (no hot flashes) and there is no maximum score. A higher score indicates more severe hot flashes. There are no subscales or no units. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Melatonin Taken orally, once per day, at/around 9:00pm
Melatonin | 48 |
| Placebo Taken orally, once per day, at/around 9:00pm
Placebo | 47 |
| Total | 95 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Placebo | Total | Melatonin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 60 years | 59 years | 58 years |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 25.0 Kg/m2 | 25.6 Kg/m2 | 25.7 Kg/m2 |
| Cancer Stage Stage 0 | 6 participants | 12 participants | 6 participants |
| Cancer Stage Stage I | 15 participants | 36 participants | 21 participants |
| Cancer Stage Stage II | 22 participants | 37 participants | 15 participants |
| Cancer Stage Stage III | 4 participants | 10 participants | 6 participants |
| Estradiol | 3.35 pg/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 | 3.97 pg/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.29 | 4.59 pg/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.03 |
| Hot Flashes | 4.5 hot flash score STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.2 | 5.1 hot flash score STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 | 5.5 hot flash score STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.5 |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 | 177.83 ng/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 46.67 | 179.89 ng/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 53.6 | 181.95 ng/ml STANDARD_DEVIATION 60.22 |
| Mood | 6.0 CESD global score STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.3 | 6.3 CESD global score STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 | 6.7 CESD global score STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized African American | 1 participants | 2 participants | 1 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 1 participants | 1 participants | 0 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian | 45 participants | 91 participants | 46 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Multi-racial | 0 participants | 1 participants | 1 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 47 participants | 95 participants | 48 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 47 Participants | 95 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) | 5.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 | 6.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.9 | 7.2 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 |
| Smoking Status Current Smoker | 1 participants | 2 participants | 1 participants |
| Smoking Status Former Smoker | 23 participants | 45 participants | 22 participants |
| Smoking Status Missing | 1 participants | 1 participants | 0 participants |
| Smoking Status Non-Smoker | 22 participants | 47 participants | 25 participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 7 / 48 | 1 / 47 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 48 | 0 / 47 |
Outcome results
Primary
Absolute Plasma Estradiol Levels After 4 Month Course of Melatonin or Placebo
Absolute plasma estradiol levels after 4 month course of melatonin or placebo, only 4 month level provided below.
Time frame: 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | Absolute Plasma Estradiol Levels After 4 Month Course of Melatonin or Placebo | 4.59 pg/ml | Standard Deviation 3.42 |
| Placebo | Absolute Plasma Estradiol Levels After 4 Month Course of Melatonin or Placebo | 3.39 pg/ml | Standard Deviation 2.25 |
p-value: <0.05Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)
Primary
Compliance
To evaluate compliance with a 4 month course of melatonin. Compliance was assessed via pill counts.
Time frame: 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | Compliance | 43 participants |
| Placebo | Compliance | 43 participants |
Secondary
Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months
Mood was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression Scale. The scale measures depressive symptoms in 20 items. Each question has a 4 point answer (0-3) so the scale range is 0-60. A higher score indicates more depression. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. There are 19 questions each with a 3 point answer. The questions are grouped into 7 subscales and each has a value from 0-3. The 7 subscales are then added together to yield a global score with a range of 0-21. Higher scores indicate worse sleep. Menopausal symptoms were assessed by NCCTG Hot Flash diary. Subjects track the number and severity of hot flashes daily for 1 week. Subjects grade the severity of the hot flashes on a scale of 1-4, with 1 being mild and 4 very severe. Frequency and the severity determine the score . The minimum score is 0 (no hot flashes) and there is no maximum score. A higher score indicates more severe hot flashes. There are no subscales or no units.
Time frame: baseline and 4 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Melatonin | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in PSQI | -1.9 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Melatonin | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in CESD | -0.2 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 4.6 |
| Melatonin | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in Hot Flash Score | -1.0 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 6.1 |
| Placebo | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in Hot Flash Score | -1.3 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 3.9 |
| Placebo | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in PSQI | -0.1 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Placebo | Change in Mood, Sleep Quality and Menopausal Symptoms From Baseline to 4 Months | Change in CESD | -0.0 change in PSQI score | Standard Deviation 5.4 |