Postoperative Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Postoperative Pain, Fentanyl Hydrochloride, IONSYS
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal (through the skin) system (fentanyl-ITS) in daily clinical practice for management of acute (a quick and severe form of illness in its early stage) moderate to severe post-operative pain (pain after surgery) including the comprehensibility and usefulness of the accompanying information material.
Detailed description
This is an open label (all people know the identity of the intervention), single arm, and multi-center (when more than one hospital or medical school team work on a medical research study) study to evaluate safety and efficacy of the fentanyl-ITS for management of acute moderate to severe pain in post-operative participants' who have undergone elective surgery (surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the participant). The study will consists of 2 phases: screening phase (which comprises of pre-operative and post-operative stages) and an open label treatment phase. The participants will be treated with 40 microgram (mcg) of fentanyl transdermally per on-demand dose; each delivered over 10 minutes for a maximum of 6 doses (240 mcg) per hour for 24 hours and a maximum of 80 doses (3.2 milligram \[mg\]). Each system will inactivate at 80 doses or 24 hour, whichever occurs first. A new system will be applied every 24 hours unless the participant has used 80 doses in less than 24 hours. Maximum treatment duration of 72 hours is allowed. Participants will be expected to require parenteral (administration by injection) opioids (morphine like medications) for at least 24 hours post-operatively. This study will evaluate participant's, nurse's and physician's assessment of fentanyl-ITS under routine conditions. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.
Interventions
DRUGFentanyl-ITS
Fentanyl Iontophoretic Transdermal (through the skin) System (ITS) will release fentanyl at the rate of 40 microgram (mcg) (1 dose) to maximum of 240 mcg per hour (6 doses) but not more than 3.2 milligram (mg) (80 doses) per 24 hours. The duration of study treatment will be 72 hours.
Sponsors
Janssen-Cilag G.m.b.H
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants with American Society of Anesthesiology (specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics \[drug that is used to produce loss of pain sensation\] and anesthesia \[loss of sensation or feeling\]) pre-operative physical status 1, 2 or 3 * Participants who are expected to remain hospitalized for at least 24 hours post-operatively (after the surgery) * Participants, after an elective major surgical procedure (surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the participant), who are expected to have moderate or severe pain requiring parenteral (administration by injection) opioids (morphine like medications) for at least 24 hours after surgery * Participants who are capable of understanding and cooperating with the requirements of the study and operating a transdermal (through the skin) Patients-Controlled Analgesia (PCA; methods of pain relief that may be used with or in place of analgesics \[drug used to control pain\]) * Participants with a pain score less than or equal to 4 (moderate pain) out of 10 on a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), whereas 0 corresponds to no pain and 10 to the strongest imaginable pain at movement of the operated limb or body region, after titration (slow increase in drug dosage, guided by participant's responses) to comfort according to current postoperative procedures
Exclusion criteria
* Participants allergic or hypersensitive (very sensitive) to fentanyl or cetylpyridinium chloride or to skin adhesives * Participants who are known or suspected to be strong opioid dependent, or who have a very high a need for strong opioids before entering the study * Participants with a history of psychological opioid dependence before the start of the study * Participants who are known or suspected to have abused any drug substance or alcohol in the opinion of the investigator * Women who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to breast feed within 24 hrs of the last dose of study drug.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 24 | Hour 24 | Participants were asked to rate their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment on a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Hours Per Day With Average Pain Intensity Less Than or Equal to 4 | Baseline to Hour 24, Hour 24 to Hour 48 and Hour 48 to Hour 72 | Number of hours per day with average pain intensity less than or equal to 4 was measured on a 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (range 0 to 10, 0=no pain; 4=mild pain; 10=strongest pain imaginable). If the participant was sleeping at time of measurement, pain intensity was assumed to be less than or equal to 4. |
| Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Baseline, Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Nursing staff asked the participants to rate their current pain intensity on 11-point NRS (range 0 to 10, 0= no pain; 10= strongest pain imaginable). |
| Time Spent Out of the Bed Per Day by the Participant | Baseline to Hour 24, Hour 24 to Hour 48 and Hour 48 to Hour 72 | Participants were asked to enter the time in hours spend out of bed during the last 24 hours in the participant diary. |
| Time to Mobilization | Baseline, Hours 24, 48 and 72 | Participants were asked to describe their time schedule for particular steps of mobilization by answering specific questions in the participant diary. |
| Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hours 48 and 72 | Participants were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response. |
| Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hours 24, 48 and 72 | Physicians were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response. |
| Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hours 24, 48 and 72 | Physicians were asked to rate the participant's ability to undergo physiotherapy or mobilization by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: Part 1 A- Does the surgical procedure performed allow the mobilization of the participant, C- Was the mobilization of the participant limited due to pain, D- Is the participant in a condition to undergo physiotherapy; Part 2 A- Was it possible to mobilize the participant sooner than with other pain therapies, B- Does the participant move more, C- Is the participant less afraid of moving. For Part 1-Question C, 'Partial' indicates that mobilization of participant was moderately limited due to pain. |
| Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Hour 72 | Physicians were asked to evaluate the IM for fentanyl-ITS (IONSYS) by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: Part2 D- Would you use IONSYS again, E- Would you prefer IONSYS to intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV PCA); Part3 A- Was IM easy to understand, B- Did IM help you to use system properly. |
| Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | Hour 72 | Nursing staff were asked to evaluate the IM for IONSYS by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: IM A- Was IM easy to understand, B- Did IM help you to use system properly; IONSYS PCA A- Is system easy to handle, B- Did participant need help in using system, C- Do you feel confident using IONSYS; IV PCA- Are you experienced in using IV PCA; IONSYS PCA D- Could participant get mobilized sooner, E- Does participant move more, F- Is participant less afraid of moving, G- Were hospital logistics for IONSYS easier to handle. |
| Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Hour 72 | Participants were asked to evaluate the IM for IONSYS by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: A- Is IONSYS easy to use, B- Were you able to operate the system by yourself after receiving instructions, C- Have you found button yourself, D- Was pressing button easy, E- Have you heard system's beeps, F- Was IONSYS IM easy to understand, G- Did IM help you to use system, H- Did you have problems falling asleep, I- Could you move easily in bed, J- Did system bother you during physiotherapy, K- Do you perceive use of such system as modern treatment standard. |
| Post-Operative Phase (PPP33) Quality of Life Questionnaire Score | Hour 72 | The PPP33 questionnaire has an overall score and 8 subscales that represent different aspects of the post-operative quality of life: information, autonomy, communication, physical complaints, pain, rest, fear and accommodation. Answers to individual question are scored with values 1 to 4. Summary scores are calculated by adding values for each question. Subscores ranges depend on the number of questions evaluated (2 to 7 questions). The overall score ranges from 1 to 100. Higher scores indicate less pain. |
| Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hours 24, 48 and 72 | Nursing Staff were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response. |
Countries
Germany
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Fentanyl Fentanyl Iontophoretic Transdermal (through the skin) System (ITS) releasing fentanyl at the rate of 40 microgram (mcg) (1 dose) to maximum of 240 mcg per hour (6 doses) but not more than 3.2 milligram (mg) (80 doses) per 24 hours. The duration of study treatment was up to 72 hours. | 174 |
| Total | 174 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 4 |
| Overall Study | Change to Oral Therapy | 37 |
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 9 |
| Overall Study | No Further Therapy Required | 84 |
| Overall Study | Other | 4 |
| Overall Study | Use of Prohibited Medication | 1 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Fentanyl |
|---|---|
| Age Continuous | 49.3 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.7 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 86 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 88 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 86 / 174 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 174 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 24
Participants were asked to rate their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment on a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response.
Time frame: Hour 24
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for the primary parameter after the 0 hour Baseline visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 24 | Response | 82.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 24 | No response | 17.1 percent of participants |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72
Nursing staff asked the participants to rate their current pain intensity on 11-point NRS (range 0 to 10, 0= no pain; 10= strongest pain imaginable).
Time frame: Baseline, Hour 24, 48 and 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure and 'n' signifies participants evaluable for this measure at specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Baseline (n= 168) | 3.0 units on scale | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Fentanyl | Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Change at Hour 24 (n= 157) | -0.9 units on scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Fentanyl | Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Change at Hour 48 (n= 73) | -1.2 units on scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Fentanyl | Change From Baseline in Pain Intensity Rating at Hour 24, 48 and 72 | Change at Hour 72 (n= 31) | -1.3 units on scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
Secondary
Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses
Nursing staff were asked to evaluate the IM for IONSYS by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: IM A- Was IM easy to understand, B- Did IM help you to use system properly; IONSYS PCA A- Is system easy to handle, B- Did participant need help in using system, C- Do you feel confident using IONSYS; IV PCA- Are you experienced in using IV PCA; IONSYS PCA D- Could participant get mobilized sooner, E- Does participant move more, F- Is participant less afraid of moving, G- Were hospital logistics for IONSYS easier to handle.
Time frame: Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IM-Question A; Yes | 97.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IM-Question A; Missing | 2.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IM-Question B; Yes | 95.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IM-Question B; No | 1.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IM-Question B; Missing | 2.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question A; Yes | 95.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question A; No | 1.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question A; Missing | 2.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question B; Yes | 23.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question B; No | 73.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question B; Missing | 2.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question C; Yes | 90.0 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question C; No | 5.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question C; Missing | 4.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IV PCA-Question; Yes | 84.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IV PCA-Question; No | 10.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IV PCA-Question; Missing | 5.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question D; Yes | 31.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question D; No | 48.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question D; Missing | 20.0 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question E; Yes | 52.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question E; No | 32.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question E; Missing | 14.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question F; Yes | 47.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question F; No | 37.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question F; Missing | 14.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question G; Yes | 71.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question G; No | 12.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Nursing Staff Questionnaire Responses | IONSYS PCA-Question G; Missing | 15.9 percent of participants |
Secondary
Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses
Participants were asked to evaluate the IM for IONSYS by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: A- Is IONSYS easy to use, B- Were you able to operate the system by yourself after receiving instructions, C- Have you found button yourself, D- Was pressing button easy, E- Have you heard system's beeps, F- Was IONSYS IM easy to understand, G- Did IM help you to use system, H- Did you have problems falling asleep, I- Could you move easily in bed, J- Did system bother you during physiotherapy, K- Do you perceive use of such system as modern treatment standard.
Time frame: Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question D; Yes | 77.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question E; Yes | 72.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | QuestionF; Missing | 22.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question G; Yes | 75.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question G; No | 0.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question G; Missing | 23.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question I; No | 17.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question K; Missing | 22.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question A; Yes | 77.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question A; No | 1.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question A; Missing | 21.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question B; Yes | 77.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question B; No | 1.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question B; Missing | 21.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question C; Yes | 78.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question C; Missing | 21.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question D; No | 1.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question D; Missing | 21.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question E; No | 4.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question E; Missing | 22.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question F; Yes | 75.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question F; No | 1.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question H; Yes | 30.0 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question H; No | 46.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question H; Missing | 23.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question I; Yes | 60.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question I; Missing | 22.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question J; Yes | 4.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question J; No | 71.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question J; Missing | 24.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question K; Yes | 75.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Participant Questionnaire Responses | Question K; No | 1.8 percent of participants |
Secondary
Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses
Physicians were asked to evaluate the IM for fentanyl-ITS (IONSYS) by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: Part2 D- Would you use IONSYS again, E- Would you prefer IONSYS to intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV PCA); Part3 A- Was IM easy to understand, B- Did IM help you to use system properly.
Time frame: Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question D; Yes | 83.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question D; No | 5.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question D; Missing | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question E; Yes | 77.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question E; No | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 2-Question E; Missing | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 3-Question A; Yes | 88.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 3-Question A; Missing | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 3-Question B; Yes | 88.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Comprehensibility of the Information Material (IM): Physician Questionnaire Responses | Part 3-Question B; Missing | 11.1 percent of participants |
Secondary
Number of Hours Per Day With Average Pain Intensity Less Than or Equal to 4
Number of hours per day with average pain intensity less than or equal to 4 was measured on a 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (range 0 to 10, 0=no pain; 4=mild pain; 10=strongest pain imaginable). If the participant was sleeping at time of measurement, pain intensity was assumed to be less than or equal to 4.
Time frame: Baseline to Hour 24, Hour 24 to Hour 48 and Hour 48 to Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for the primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure and 'n' signifies participants evaluable for this measure at specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Number of Hours Per Day With Average Pain Intensity Less Than or Equal to 4 | Baseline to Hour 24 (n=125) | 21.3 hours | Standard Deviation 4.3 |
| Fentanyl | Number of Hours Per Day With Average Pain Intensity Less Than or Equal to 4 | Hour 24 to Hour 48 (n= 57) | 22.2 hours | Standard Deviation 4.1 |
| Fentanyl | Number of Hours Per Day With Average Pain Intensity Less Than or Equal to 4 | Hour 48 to Hour 72 (n= 23) | 22.7 hours | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72
Participants were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response.
Time frame: Hours 48 and 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure and 'n' signifies participants evaluable for this measure at specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hour 48; Response (n= 79) | 86.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hour 48; No response (n= 79) | 12.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hour 48; Missing (n= 79) | 1.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hour 72; Response (n= 36) | 97.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Global Assessment of Pain at Hour 48 and 72 | Hour 72; No response (n= 36) | 2.8 percent of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain
Nursing Staff were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response.
Time frame: Hours 24, 48 and 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'n' signifies those participants evaluable for this measure at the specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; Response (n= 170) | 87.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; No response (n= 170) | 12.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; Missing (n= 170) | 0.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 48; Response (n= 79) | 88.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 48; No response (n= 79) | 11.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 72; Response (n= 36) | 97.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Nursing Staff Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 72; Missing (n= 36) | 2.8 percent of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain
Physicians were asked to give their overall global assessment of pain therapy with study treatment using a 4-point verbal rating scale (poor, fair, good, excellent). Outcome of 'good' or 'excellent ' was recorded as Response while outcome of 'poor' or 'fair' was recorded as No response.
Time frame: Hours 24, 48 and 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'n' signifies those participants evaluable for this measure at the specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; Response (n= 170) | 88.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; No response (n= 170) | 11.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 24; Missing (n= 170) | 0.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 48; Response (n= 79) | 88.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 48; No response (n= 79) | 11.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 72; Response (n= 36) | 97.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Percentage of Participants With Physician Global Assessment of Pain | Hour 72; No response (n= 36) | 2.8 percent of participants |
Secondary
Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization
Physicians were asked to rate the participant's ability to undergo physiotherapy or mobilization by responding to following questions of a questionnaire: Part 1 A- Does the surgical procedure performed allow the mobilization of the participant, C- Was the mobilization of the participant limited due to pain, D- Is the participant in a condition to undergo physiotherapy; Part 2 A- Was it possible to mobilize the participant sooner than with other pain therapies, B- Does the participant move more, C- Is the participant less afraid of moving. For Part 1-Question C, 'Partial' indicates that mobilization of participant was moderately limited due to pain.
Time frame: Hours 24, 48 and 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatmentat least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'n' signifies participants evaluable at specified time point for specified item.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question A; Yes (n=170) | 95.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question A; No (n=170) | 4.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question C; Yes (n=170) | 16.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question C; No (n=170) | 39.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question C; Partial (n=170) | 43.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question C; Missing (n=170) | 0.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question D; Yes (n=170) | 91.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 1-Question D; No (n=170) | 8.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question A; Yes (n=170) | 30.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question A; No (n=170) | 62.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question A; Missing (n=170) | 7.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question B; Yes (n=170) | 54.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question B; No (n=170) | 44.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question B; Missing (n=170) | 1.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question C; Yes (n=170) | 58.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 24 Part 2-Question C; No (n=170) | 41.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question A; Yes (n=79) | 92.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question A; No (n=79) | 2.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question A; Missing (n=79) | 5.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question C; Missing (n=79) | 6.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question C; Yes (n=79) | 8.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question C; No (n=79) | 51.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question C; Partial (n=79) | 32.9 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question D; Yes (n=79) | 88.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question D; No (n=79) | 6.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 1-Question D; Missing (n=79) | 5.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question A; Yes (n=79) | 40.5 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question A; No (n=79) | 53.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question A; Missing (n=79) | 6.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question B; Yes (n=79) | 68.4 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question B; No (n=79) | 25.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question B; Missing (n=79) | 6.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question C; Yes (n=79) | 63.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question C; No (n=79) | 31.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 48 Part 2-Question C; Missing (n=79) | 5.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question A; Yes (n=36) | 91.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question A; Missing (n=36) | 8.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question C; Yes (n=36) | 5.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question C; No (n=36) | 52.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question C; Partial (n=36) | 30.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question C; Missing (n=36) | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question D; Yes (n=36) | 86.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question D; No (n=36) | 2.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 1-Question D; Missing (n=36) | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question A; Yes (n=36) | 41.7 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question A; No (n=36) | 47.2 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question A; Missing (n=36) | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question B; Yes (n=36) | 58.3 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question B; No (n=36) | 30.6 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question B; Missing (n=36) | 11.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question C; Yes (n=36) | 61.1 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question C; No (n=36) | 27.8 percent of participants |
| Fentanyl | Physician's Evaluation of Participant's Ability to Undergo Physiotherapy or Mobilization | Hour 72 Part 2-Question C; Missing (n=36) | 11.1 percent of participants |
Secondary
Post-Operative Phase (PPP33) Quality of Life Questionnaire Score
The PPP33 questionnaire has an overall score and 8 subscales that represent different aspects of the post-operative quality of life: information, autonomy, communication, physical complaints, pain, rest, fear and accommodation. Answers to individual question are scored with values 1 to 4. Summary scores are calculated by adding values for each question. Subscores ranges depend on the number of questions evaluated (2 to 7 questions). The overall score ranges from 1 to 100. Higher scores indicate less pain.
Time frame: Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for the primary parameter after the 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies those participants evaluable for this measure.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Post-Operative Phase (PPP33) Quality of Life Questionnaire Score | 76.8 units on scale | Standard Deviation 9.4 |
Secondary
Time Spent Out of the Bed Per Day by the Participant
Participants were asked to enter the time in hours spend out of bed during the last 24 hours in the participant diary.
Time frame: Baseline to Hour 24, Hour 24 to Hour 48 and Hour 48 to Hour 72
Population: Efficacy analysis set included all participants who received the study treatment at least once and who had efficacy data for primary parameter after 0 hour Baseline visit. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signifies participants evaluable for this measure and 'n' signifies participants evaluable for this measure at specified time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl | Time Spent Out of the Bed Per Day by the Participant | Baseline to Hour 24 (n= 126) | 38.1 minutes | Standard Deviation 94.5 |
| Fentanyl | Time Spent Out of the Bed Per Day by the Participant | Hour 24 to Hour 48 (n= 50) | 87.5 minutes | Standard Deviation 121.6 |
| Fentanyl | Time Spent Out of the Bed Per Day by the Participant | Hour 48 to Hour 72 (n= 26) | 146.7 minutes | Standard Deviation 193.9 |
Secondary
Time to Mobilization
Participants were asked to describe their time schedule for particular steps of mobilization by answering specific questions in the participant diary.
Time frame: Baseline, Hours 24, 48 and 72
Population: Data was not statistically summarized but reported in individual participant listing. Due to excessive missing data it was not possible to calculate valid results for the different stages of mobilization.