Effect of a Single Dose of Cranberry Beverage on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Acute Bioavailability of Cranberry Polyphenols After A Single Dose In Healthy Adults and Its Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Action

Status

Completed

Phases

Study type

Interventional

Source

ClinicalTrials.gov

Registry ID

NCT01780922

Enrollment

Registered

2013-01-31

Start date

2010-07-31

Completion date

2010-12-31

Last updated

2014-07-08

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Inflammation

Keywords

Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Vaccinium macrocarpon

Brief summary

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of a single dose of cranberry beverage in healthy adults on the kinetic uptake of polyphenol compounds and polyphenol metabolites, and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Detailed description

Participants will be randomized based on age, sex and BMI, and will consume a low-polyphenol diet 2 days prior to the intervention. On the day of the study, baseline blood and urine samples will be collected after an overnight fast. Participants will consume the assigned beverage within 15 minutes and blood collected at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h (10 mL/blood draw; total blood volume per period = 50 mL). Urine will be collected for polyphenol analysis during the following periods: 0-3, 3-6, 6-9, 9-12, 12-24 hours. After a one-week washout period, participants will receive their second and then the third beverage in a cross-over design; blood and urine sampling will be repeated at each of the 3 intervention periods.

Interventions

OTHERCranberry Extract Beverage

Beverage containing cranberry at a dose of 15.2 ounces consumed within 15 minutes

OTHERNon-Cranberry Beverage

Beverage absent cranberry at a dose of 15.2 ounces consumed within 15 minutes

OTHERLow Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail

Beverage containing cranberry at a dose of 15.2 ounces consumed within 15 minutes

Study design

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Intervention model

CROSSOVER

Primary purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Masking

DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)

Eligibility

Sex/Gender

ALL

Age

18 Years to 35 Years

Healthy volunteers

Yes

Inclusion criteria

* Men & women; aged 18-35 years * BMI: 19-25 kg/m2

Exclusion criteria

* Any significant chronic disease, hypertension, ulcers, dyspepsia, lactose intolerance, allergy, psychotic illness * Had major gastrointestinal surgery or on prescription or surgical treatment * Any condition that may interfere with the digestion, absorption, metabolism or excretion of nutrients * Regularly smoked in the previous 6 months * On medication or ingested a prescribed drug at any time within the 14 days preceding study enrolment (excluding hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy) or over-the-counter preparation within 7 days preceding enrolment * Risk factors for AIDS or known HIV positive status * Pregnant or lactating * High intake of chocolate or similar high polyphenol foods * Regular intake of vitamin and polyphenol supplements * Drug and alcohol misuse * Currently participating or had participated in another clinical study during the previous 3 weeks * Donated blood in the previous 3 weeks * Exercise more than 3 times/week for longer than 45 min each time

Design outcomes

Primary

Measure	Time frame
Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h
Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Arm	Count
All Study Participants All study participants: all participants received all interventions	12
Total	12

Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	All Study Participants
Age, Continuous	27.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3
Body Mass Index	23.7 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 3
Sex: Female, Male Female	6 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	6 Participants

Adverse events

Event type	EG000 affected / at risk	EG001 affected / at risk	EG002 affected / at risk
deaths Total, all-cause mortality	— / —	— / —	— / —
other Total, other adverse events	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0
serious Total, serious adverse events	0 / 0	0 / 0	0 / 0

Outcome results

Primary

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 8h	1.04 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.26
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 4h	0.69 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.21
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 0h	1.10 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.26
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 2h	0.85 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.21
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 24h	1.28 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.22
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 4h	0.81 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.2
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 0h	1.18 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.34
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 2h	1.03 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.31
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 8h	1.07 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.26
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 24h	0.93 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.2
Non-Cranberry Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 24h	0.97 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.21
Non-Cranberry Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 8h	0.99 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.18
Non-Cranberry Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 0h	0.87 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.15
Non-Cranberry Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 4h	0.96 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.17
Non-Cranberry Beverage	C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa	CRP at 2h	0.99 ug/mL	Standard Error 0.24

Primary

Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 8h	179 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 18
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 4h	185 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 14
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 0h	174 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 14
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 2h	169 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 12
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 24h	181 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 15
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 4h	197 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 15
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 0h	161 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 9
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 2h	185 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 12
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 8h	183 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 9
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 24h	172 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 12
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 24h	192 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 17
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 8h	170 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 29
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 0h	163 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 16
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 4h	200 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 15
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells	GPx at 2h	149 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 14

Primary

Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 8h	8 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 4h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 0h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 2h	11 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 24h	9 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 4h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 9
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 0h	20 pg/mL	Standard Error 10
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 2h	17 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 8h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 24h	10 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 24h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 8h	15 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 0h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 10
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 4h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 9
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma	IFN-y at 2h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 9

Primary

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 8h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 4h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 0h	21 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 2h	15 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 24h	15 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 4h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 0h	18 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 2h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 8h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 24h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 24h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 8h	17 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 0h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 4h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-10 at 2h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 3

Primary

Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 8h	43 pg/mL	Standard Error 37
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 4h	30 pg/mL	Standard Error 17
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 0h	17 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 2h	49 pg/mL	Standard Error 29
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 24h	33 pg/mL	Standard Error 19
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 4h	70 pg/mL	Standard Error 47
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 0h	21 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 2h	54 pg/mL	Standard Error 38
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 8h	40 pg/mL	Standard Error 25
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 24h	52 pg/mL	Standard Error 28
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 24h	73 pg/mL	Standard Error 53
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 8h	75 pg/mL	Standard Error 53
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 0h	68 pg/mL	Standard Error 57
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 4h	66 pg/mL	Standard Error 48
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1a at 2h	61 pg/mL	Standard Error 36

Primary

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 8h	24 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 4h	26 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 0h	22 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 2h	35 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 24h	26 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 4h	32 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 0h	25 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 2h	31 pg/mL	Standard Error 9
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 8h	23 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 24h	30 pg/mL	Standard Error 10
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 24h	34 pg/mL	Standard Error 12
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 8h	25 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 0h	39 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 4h	39 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-1b at 2h	33 pg/mL	Standard Error 4

Primary

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 8h	14 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 4h	0 pg/mL	Standard Error 0
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 0h	0 pg/mL	Standard Error 0
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 2h	7 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 24h	4 pg/mL	Standard Error 2
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 4h	7 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 0h	1 pg/mL	Standard Error 1
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 2h	9 pg/mL	Standard Error 9
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 8h	8 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 24h	8 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 24h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 8h	10 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 0h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 4h	5 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-2 at 2h	6 pg/mL	Standard Error 3

Primary

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 8h	15 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 4h	13 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 0h	15 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 2h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 24h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 4h	22 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 0h	21 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 2h	24 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 8h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 5
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 24h	20 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 24h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 8h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 0h	27 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 4h	29 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-4 at 2h	28 pg/mL	Standard Error 8

Primary

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 8h	48 pg/mL	Standard Error 24
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 4h	32 pg/mL	Standard Error 14
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 0h	34 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 2h	50 pg/mL	Standard Error 22
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 24h	35 pg/mL	Standard Error 13
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 4h	85 pg/mL	Standard Error 51
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 0h	61 pg/mL	Standard Error 36
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 2h	80 pg/mL	Standard Error 34
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 8h	69 pg/mL	Standard Error 31
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 24h	36 pg/mL	Standard Error 16
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 24h	62 pg/mL	Standard Error 26
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 8h	68 pg/mL	Standard Error 29
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 0h	74 pg/mL	Standard Error 29
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 4h	61 pg/mL	Standard Error 24
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-6 at 2h	56 pg/mL	Standard Error 23

Primary

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 8h	11 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 4h	8 pg/mL	Standard Error 3
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 0h	7 pg/mL	Standard Error 2
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 2h	11 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 24h	11 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 4h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 0h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 2h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 8h	9 pg/mL	Standard Error 2
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 24h	12 pg/mL	Standard Error 4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 24h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 8h	16 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 0h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 4h	18 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma	IL-8 at 2h	24 pg/mL	Standard Error 11

Primary

Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 8h	10.5 umol/L	Standard Error 0.6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 4h	12.4 umol/L	Standard Error 1.2
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 0h	14.9 umol/L	Standard Error 1.8
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 2h	13.0 umol/L	Standard Error 1.2
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 24h	10.4 umol/L	Standard Error 0.7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 4h	10.7 umol/L	Standard Error 0.8
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 0h	16.6 umol/L	Standard Error 4.1
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 2h	15.3 umol/L	Standard Error 3.4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 8h	11.4 umol/L	Standard Error 1.3
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 24h	10.6 umol/L	Standard Error 0.7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 24h	10.0 umol/L	Standard Error 0.5
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 8h	10.0 umol/L	Standard Error 0.8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 0h	13.1 umol/L	Standard Error 1.4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 4h	12.0 umol/L	Standard Error 1
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa	NO at 2h	12.2 umol/L	Standard Error 1.1

Primary

Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 8h	34.4 ng/mL	Standard Error 9.7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 4h	31.2 ng/mL	Standard Error 8.8
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 0h	30.7 ng/mL	Standard Error 7.9
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 2h	36.5 ng/mL	Standard Error 13.3
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 24h	35.1 ng/mL	Standard Error 10.5
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 4h	33.5 ng/mL	Standard Error 9.1
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 0h	33.6 ng/mL	Standard Error 10.1
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 2h	31.0 ng/mL	Standard Error 8.2
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 8h	31.5 ng/mL	Standard Error 7.5
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 24h	32.7 ng/mL	Standard Error 9
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 24h	34.6 ng/mL	Standard Error 10.8
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 8h	31.5 ng/mL	Standard Error 9
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 0h	29.2 ng/mL	Standard Error 6.4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 4h	29.8 ng/mL	Standard Error 6.1
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)	8OHdG at 2h	34.6 ng/mL	Standard Error 9.9

Primary

Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 2h	1.12 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.12
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 8h	1.40 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.08
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 4h	1.39 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.08
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 24h	1.58 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.13
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 0h	1.38 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.13
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 24h	1.26 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.06
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 2h	1.24 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.07
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 0h	1.22 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.14
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 8h	1.26 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.08
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 4h	1.26 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.09
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 2h	1.26 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.05
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 8h	1.28 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.16
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 24h	1.31 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.05
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 0h	1.23 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.04
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells	GSH at 4h	1.30 mmol/L	Standard Error 0.04

Primary

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 8h	16.8 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 4h	20.9 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 0h	19.0 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 2
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 2h	19.6 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.2
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 24h	19.2 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.3
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 4h	22.7 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 0h	17.6 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 2h	17.1 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.4
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 8h	20.2 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.2
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 24h	18.4 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 0.7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 24h	14.6 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.4
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 8h	18.2 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 3.3
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 0h	20.3 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 4h	19.5 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells	SOD at 2h	20.7 mU/mg HgB	Standard Error 1.2

Primary

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma

Time frame: 0, 2, 4, 8, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 0h	23 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 8h	18 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 4h	20 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 24h	19 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 2h	24 pg/mL	Standard Error 6
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 4h	36 pg/mL	Standard Error 16
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 0h	34 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 2h	21 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 8h	22 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 24h	20 pg/mL	Standard Error 7
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 24h	26 pg/mL	Standard Error 14
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 8h	27 pg/mL	Standard Error 11
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 0h	30 pg/mL	Standard Error 9
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 4h	41 pg/mL	Standard Error 12
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma	TNF-a at 2h	31 pg/mL	Standard Error 8

Primary

Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity

Time frame: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h

Arm	Measure	Group	Value (MEAN)	Dispersion
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	0h	0.39 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.14
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	3h	2.34 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.73
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	6h	0.97 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.26
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	9h	0.66 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.14
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	12h	0.50 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.07
Low Calorie Cranberry Juice Cocktail	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	24h	0.38 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.06
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	24h	0.48 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.07
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	0h	0.45 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.11
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	9h	0.76 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.16
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	12h	0.56 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.08
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	3h	2.54 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.61
Cranberry Leaf Extract Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	6h	1.05 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.29
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	3h	1.62 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.32
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	6h	1.14 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.37
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	24h	0.54 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.1
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	9h	0.59 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.15
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	0h	0.30 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.05
Non-Cranberry Beverage	Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity	12h	0.67 mg PAC/mg creatinine	Standard Error 0.13

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026

Effect of a Single Dose of Cranberry Beverage on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Conditions

Keywords

Brief summary

Detailed description

Related papers

Interventions

Sponsors

Study design

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

Design outcomes

Primary

Countries

Participant flow

Participants by arm

Baseline characteristics

Adverse events

Outcome results

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Concentrations in Plamsa

Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity in Red Blood Cells

Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1a) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Concentrations in Plasma

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Concentrations in Plasma

Nitric Oxide (NO) Concentrations in Plamsa

Oxidative Damage to DNA Assessed by Plasma 8-hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)

Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Concentrations in Red Blood Cells

Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity in Red Blood Cells

Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) Concentrations in Plasma

Urinary Anti-bacteria Adhesion Activity