Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine Dependence
Conditions
Keywords
Cigarette Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, Smoking Abstinence, Health Literacy, Genetic Predisposition Testing, Heredity
Brief summary
Innovative strategies to reduce adult smoking prevalence include using genetic information to motivate cessation and, ultimately, to tailor cessation pharmacotherapy. Success of these interventions depends, in part, on smokers' interest and participation in genetic testing related to cessation and their understanding and use of the results (i.e., their genetic literacy). The recent availability of genetic risk testing for a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA3) variant (rs105173) associated with nicotine dependence makes it highly feasible to investigate smokers' interest in and use of genetic information about nicotine dependence. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of an intervention that provides smokers with an educational session about genetic contributions to smoking and nicotine dependence plus their genotype results for rs1051730 on smoking cessation outcomes compared to those who receive only the educational session. Secondary purposes are to determine: (a) the impact of genetic education and knowing personal genotype results on genetic literacy outcomes and (b) the feasibility of recruitment and retention methods in a study addressing genotyping for nicotine dependence. Primary outcomes are cessation-related behaviors and cognitions indicating abstinence. Secondary outcomes are cognitions and emotions indicating genetic literacy. Knowledge gained from this study has the potential for clinical translation so that as genotyping becomes part of smoking cessation, health-care providers can understand and address factors influencing smokers' adaptation to genetically-informed cessation treatment. The study will use a longitudinal, repeated measures design (experimental, control; N=90; 45/group). All participants will receive a 90-minute educational session about genetic contributions for smoking and nicotine dependence and will donate a buccal swab sample for genotyping. The investigators will then randomize participants to two groups: those who receive genotyping results in a genetic counseling session (experimental) and those who do not (control). Follow-up data will be collected from both groups at baseline and weeks 2, 6, 10 after the experimental group receives genotyping results, with a brief follow-up and study termination occurring at week 12. Control group participants will be offered their genotyping results at the end of the study.
Detailed description
The primary aim of this study is: Aim 1. Determine the impact of knowing personal genotyping results for nicotine dependence risk on the smoking cessation (primary) outcomes at weeks 2, 6, and 10. The working hypotheses for the cessation-related behaviors are: 1. When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have greater: (1) smoking abstinence; (2) use of formal smoking cessation programs; (3) contact with health-care provider for cessation; (4) use of pharmacotherapy, and (5) use of self-management strategies for cessation. 2. There will be no difference in the number of quit attempts between the experimental and control groups. The working hypotheses for the cessation-related cognitions are: 1. When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have higher self-efficacy for smoking cessation. 2. When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have higher abstainer and lower smoker self-schemas. The secondary aims are: Aim 2. Determine the impact of knowing personal genotyping results for nicotine dependence risk on the secondary genetic literacy (secondary) outcomes at weeks 2, 6, and 10. The working hypotheses for the genetic literacy-related cognitions and emotions are: 1. When compared to the control group, the experimental group will have greater: (1) knowledge of genetic contributions to smoking, (2) mental representations indicating endorsement of genetic risk for nicotine dependence, (3) accurate perceptions of genetic risk for nicotine dependence, and (4) self-efficacy for use of genotyping results. 2. There will be no difference in psychological distress between the experimental and control groups. Aim 3. Explore smokers' perceptions and experiences that contextualize participation in genetic education and genotyping for nicotine dependence risk. We will conduct focus groups with both the intervention and control group participants at weeks 2 and 6 after intervention group participants receive their genotyping results. Aim 4. Determine the feasibility of an intervention that informs people of their personal genotype results for nicotine dependence risk for a larger clinical trial, including evaluation of enrollment (recruitment efficiency, attrition, problems and solutions), intervention fidelity (delivery, receipt, enactment), data collection, subject acceptability of the intervention, and estimation of effect sizes for sample size determination in future, larger clinical trials.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALReceipt of Genetic Results
Participants will receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730
BEHAVIORALNo results given
Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.
Sponsors
Department of Health and Human Services
University of Nebraska
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* \>19 years of age; * smoking\>= 10 cigarettes/day; * intention to quit smoking at some time in the future; * able to understand, speak, and write in English, and * physically and mentally able to participate. The investigators are excluding participants who do not understand, speak or write in English at this time because: (1) the consent document, the educational genetics presentation, and data collection forms are currently written in English only and (2)the resources to make the educational presentation and data collection documents culturally-specific for other cultures are not available. In making the study relevant for non-English speaking participants, it is not only a literal translation the presentation and documents into another language that is needed, but the ideas of health and heredity from the culture related to the language also need to be taken into account when presenting the study and the study materials in another language.
Exclusion criteria
* current treatment for a mental disorder with psychotic symptoms; * diagnosis of cancer (other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer) or other life-threatening illness; * pregnant, or * currently enrolled in another smoking research study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Assessed at Weeks 6 and 10 after Genotyping Results, Week 10 reported | Abstinence: Point-Prevalence & Continuous Self-Report; Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO): \<= 6 ppm past 24 hrs.; Salivary Cotinine: \<15 ng/ml past 7 days |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Assessed at Weeks 6 and 10 weeks after Genotyping Results, Week 10 reported. | Use of Pharmacotherapy: Self-report of type and frequency of use of FDA-approved smoking cessation medications. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
A total of 169 persons contacted the study coordinator (n = 169). Of these, 63 were lost to follow-up due to non-return of phone call when contacted. A total of 43 participants completed the assessment for eligibility. Of these 19 were excluded (7 did not meet the criteria and 12 declined to participate further). A total of 24 participants were randomized, 12 each to the experimental and control groups.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Receipt of Genetic Results Receipt of Genetic Results indicates that participants have received the results of genotyping for RS1051730
Receipt of Genetic Results: Participants will receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 | 12 |
| No Results Given Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed.
No results given: Participants will not be offered to receive the results of genotyping for RS1051730 until all data collection has been completed. | 12 |
| Total | 24 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 4 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Receipt of Genetic Results | No Results Given | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 12 Participants | 10 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 12 Participants | 11 Participants | 23 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 20 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 12 Participants | 12 Participants | 24 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 7 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 4 Participants | 5 Participants | 9 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results
Abstinence: Point-Prevalence & Continuous Self-Report; Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO): \<= 6 ppm past 24 hrs.; Salivary Cotinine: \<15 ng/ml past 7 days
Time frame: Assessed at Weeks 6 and 10 after Genotyping Results, Week 10 reported
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Receipt of Genetic Results | Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Total Achieving Cessation | 1 Participants |
| Receipt of Genetic Results | Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Total Still Smoking | 7 Participants |
| No Results Given | Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Total Achieving Cessation | 0 Participants |
| No Results Given | Change in Baseline Smoking Abstinence at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Total Still Smoking | 11 Participants |
Secondary
Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results
Use of Pharmacotherapy: Self-report of type and frequency of use of FDA-approved smoking cessation medications.
Time frame: Assessed at Weeks 6 and 10 weeks after Genotyping Results, Week 10 reported.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Receipt of Genetic Results | Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Pharmacotherapy use | 2 Participants |
| Receipt of Genetic Results | Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | No pharmacotherapy use | 6 Participants |
| No Results Given | Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | Pharmacotherapy use | 2 Participants |
| No Results Given | Change in Baseline Use of Pharmacotherapy at 6 and 10 Weeks After Genotyping Results | No pharmacotherapy use | 9 Participants |