Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Lupus Nephritis
Conditions
Keywords
Systemic lupus erythematosus, Lupus, Nephritis
Brief summary
The treatment of the multisystem autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains a challenge, particularly when there is renal involvement (lupus nephritis). For the last 60 years corticosteroids have been the backbone of the treatment of lupus nephritis but they are associated with significant toxicity. Although randomized placebo controlled trials of Rituximab in non-renal lupus and lupus nephritis did not meet their primary end-points, there is accumulating data that suggests that B cell depletion with Rituximab may be efficacious in lupus disease refractory to conventional therapy. Furthermore, our pilot data suggests that the addition of Rituximab to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) without oral steroids is at least as effective at inducing a renal response as the standard of care therapy comprising MMF and high dose oral corticosteroids. RITUXILUP is a proof of concept, open labeled, randomized, controlled, multicentre trial that aims to demonstrate whether the addition of Rituximab to MMF therapy is useful in treating a new flare of lupus nephritis and whether it has a long lasting steroid-sparing, beneficial effect with equal efficacy and greater safety than a conventional regimen of MMF and oral prednisolone. If successful, this trial has the potential to dramatically change the management of lupus nephritis.
Detailed description
TRIAL SUMMARY TITLE RITUXILUP - An open label randomised multicentre controlled trial of RITUXImab and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) without oral steroids for the treatment of LUPus nephritis OBJECTIVES 1. Is the combination of Rituximab, Methyl prednisolone and MMF as effective in treating lupus nephritis as Methyl prednisolone, oral steroids and MMF? 2. Does the omission of oral steroids increase the safety of the treatment regimen? DESIGN This is a 1:1 randomised, international open label, controlled phase III multicentre trial SAMPLE SIZE A total of 252 patients: 126 patients in each arm (As of April 2017 decided 25 patients will be maximum recruited following decision to close the study early) ELIGIBILITY Children (12 years and above) and adults with lupus nephritis ISN/RPS Class III A or A/C, Class IV-G A or A/C, Class IV-S A or A/C, and/or Class V with a urine protein/creatinine ratio (PCR) ≥ 100mg/mmol. TREATMENT 1. Experimental group - Rituximab, IV methyl prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil 2. Control group - oral prednisolone, IV methyl prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. PRIMARY OUTCOME The primary outcome is to demonstrate non-inferiority of the Rituximab arm in comparison to the control arm in the proportion of patients achieving complete renal response (CR) at week 52 without the need for steroid prescription. SECONDARY OUTCOMES Safety outcomes: * Serious Infectious Episodes * Serious Adverse Events * Evidence of metabolic abnormalities particularly new onset diabetes Disease control over time: * Proportion of patients achieving Partial Response (PR) * Time to stable CR * Time to PR * Proportion of patients in PR who achieve histological remission in those who have a repeat biopsy as part of local standard of care * Proportion of patients with renal or extra flare * Cumulative steroid exposure * Deviation from the steroid taper in the steroid arm and/or introduction of steroids in the steroid-free arm * Proportion of patients achieving a response as defined by the SLE Responder Index (SRI) at week 52 and annually thereafter as defined by: * a \>4 point reduction in SELENA-SLEDAI score; * no new BILAG A organ domain score; * no more than I new BILAG B score; * no worsening in physician's global assessment (PGA) by \>10%; * must not have received non-protocol treatment. * Proportion of patients achieving a response as defined by the BILAG-based Composite Lupus Assessment (BICLA) at week 52 and annually thereafter as defined by: BILAG-2004 improvement (BILAG A to B/C/D, BILAG B to C/D and no BILAG worsening, no deterioration in SLEDAI total score, no worsening in physician's global assessment (PGA) by \>10% and must not have received non-protocol treatment.
Interventions
Sponsors
Karolinska Institutet
Ohio State University
Dutch Working Party on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
EULAR Lupus Nephritis Trial Network Study Group
Imperial College London
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Adults aged 18-75 years old and children aged 12-17 years old. 2. Active lupus nephritis, as defined by kidney biopsy within prior 8 weeks assessed by the International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification: 1. class III (A or A/C) with active lesions in at least 20% of the viable glomeruli, or 2. class IV-S (A or A/C) with active lesions in at least 20% of the viable glomeruli, or 3. class IV-G (A or A/C) with active lesions in at least 20% of the viable glomeruli and / or 4. class V and 5. urine protein-to-creatinine ratio equal to or greater than 100mg/mmol (\>1mg/mg ) at randomisation or at any time within 28 days before randomisation 3. No contraindications to the use of IV methyl prednisolone, MMF, oral steroids or rituximab or any other required medications such as antipyretics, antihistamines 4. Ability to provide informed consent 5. As MMF is teratogenic and on basis of advice from NHS England (The updated recommendations (https://www.gov.uk/drug-safety-update/mycophenolate-mofetil-mycophenolic-acid-new-pregnancy-prevention-advice-for-women-and-men) for patients whilst on MMF and after stopping are: * Women who have child bearing potential should be willing to use 2 forms of effective contraception during treatment and for 6 weeks after stopping treatment * Men (including those who have had a vasectomy) should be willing to use condoms during treatment and for at least 90 days after stopping treatment. This advice is a precautionary measure due to the genotoxicity of these products * Female partners of male patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil should use highly effective contraception during treatment and for 90 days after the last dose
Exclusion criteria
1. Obsolescence of \>50% of the glomeruli or tubulointerstitial scarring of \>50% or cellular crescents in \>50% of the glomeruli 2. Severe critical SLE flare defined as: 1. BILAG 2004 A flare in CNS system 2. or any SLE manifestation requiring more immunosuppression than allowed within the protocol in the physician's opinion 3. Pregnant or lactating. Woman who have child bearing potential must have two negative pregnancy test results with a sensitivity of ≥ 25 mIU/mL: one from a serum pregnancy test at day -8 to day -10 of screening and another from a urine pregnancy test at day 1 prior to randomisation. If the timeline is shortened because of clinical urgency, then there must be a negative serum pregnancy test with a sensitivity of ≥ 25 mIU/mL within 1-2 days before study start 4. Patients not willing for their GP to be informed of their participation in this study 5. Patients should not be on or require maintenance steroids and should not have had more than 12 weeks of steroids in the period immediately preceding recruitment irrespective of dose 6. Patients that had received more than 2.0g of IV methyl prednisolone in the previous 4 weeks 7. Prior use within 12 months of screening visit of therapeutic monoclonal antibody, or B or T cell modulating 'biologic' use 8. Prior use within 6 months of the screening visit of Intravenous immunoglobulin / plasma exchange OR Cyclophosphamide 9. Active infections, including but not limited to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B (including prior infection as judged by positive Hepatitis B core antibody) or Hepatitis C or tuberculosis 10. Receipt of a live-attenuated vaccine within 3 months of study enrolment 11. In the investigator's opinion, patients that are at high risk for infection (including but not limited to indwelling catheter, dysphagia with aspiration, decubitus ulcer, history of prior aspiration pneumonia or recurrent severe urinary tract infection) 12. Prior history of invasive fungal infections 13. History of any cancer 14. In female patients, known history of cervical dysplasia CIN Grade III cervical high risk human papillomavirus or abnormal cervical cytology other than abnormal squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) within the past 3 years. The patient will be eligible after the condition has resolved (e.g., follow-up HPV test is negative or cervical abnormality has been effectively treated \>1 year ago) 15. Any concomitant medical condition or abnormal blood results that in the investigator's opinion, or after discussion with the CI, places the participant at risk by participating in this study. 16. Comorbidities requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy. 17. Current substance abuse.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Complete renal response (CR) at week 52 without the need to prescribe oral steroids within 1 year | 1 year | The proportion of participants who achieve a complete renal response at week 52 without the need to prescribe oral steroids within 1 year, except for one course of maximum 30mg for a maximum of 14 days OR one intramuscular or intra-articular injection of steroids |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction of oral steroids in the B cell depleted patients | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients achieving PR at 6,12,8 and 24 months | 2 years | PR is defined as: i) eGFR at baseline or \<20% decrease, ii) AND if not nephrotic at baseline (PCR\<300mg/mmol), 50% improvement in urine PCR iii) OR if nephrotic at baseline (PCR \>300mg/mmol), 50% improvement in urine PCR AND PCR \<300mg/mmol |
| Mean time to stable CR and mean time to PR | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients in PR who achieve histological remission as judged by absence of proliferative lesions and no new subendothelial or subepithelial deposits | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients with only 1 or fewer BILAG 2004 Bs in any non-renal organ system at 1 year | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients with renal flare | 2 years | Flare is identified by: i) Proteinuria \>50% increase ii) AND above 100mg/mmol for 2 visits iii) and / or in those with normal renal function and normal urinary sediment, a fall of \>20% in eGFR on 2 occasions Where possible flare should be proven by repeat renal biopsy. |
| Mean time to renal flare in patients achieving CR and PR | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients achieving normal serum C3,C4 and anti-dsDNA antibodies at week 52 | 2 years | — |
| Serious Infectious Episodes, Serious Adverse Events and Adverse events | 2 years | 4\. Metabolic abnormalities related to steroid exposure: 5. Cumulative steroid exposure over 1 and 2 years 6. Introduction of oral steroids in the B cell depleted patients 7. Patients requiring \>10mg oral prednisolone at 1 year and 2 year |
| Metabolic abnormalities related to steroid exposure | 2 years | — |
| Cumulative steroid exposure over 1 and 2 years | 2 years | — |
| Patients requiring >10mg oral prednisolone at 1 year and 2 year | 2 years | — |
| Proportion of patients achieving CR at 6, 18 and 24 months | 2 years | — |
Other
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Improvement in LupusQoL©, SF-36, EQ5D between baseline, 1 year, 2, 3 and 4 years | 2 years |
| Patients achieving therapeutic drug levels as a measure of adherence - as judged by mycophenolic acid and hydroxychloroquine levels | 2 years |
| Relationship between completeness and duration of B cell depletion and achievement of primary end point | 2 years |
| Patients with decreased immunoglobulin levels | 2 years |
| Patients requiring repeat dosing with Rituximab | 2 years |
| Patients with non-renal BILAG 2004 A scores or flare and time to A flare | 2 years |
| Patients requiring the addition of any new cytotoxic | 2 years |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed