Parkinson's Disease, Motor Symptoms, Akinesia, Hypomobility, Delayed Levodopa Onset
Conditions
Keywords
Motor symptoms, Parkinson's Disease, Delayed Onset, Akinesia, Hypomobility, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores, Dopamine agonist, Apomorphine, Apokyn, Levodopa
Brief summary
This study is designed to assess the effect of APOKYN treatment in rapid and reliable improvement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects suffering from delayed or unreliable onset of levodopa (L-dopa) action.
Detailed description
This Phase IV, Open-Label, Efficacy and Safety Study of APOKYN® is intended to assess the effect of APOKYN treatment in rapid and reliable improvement of motor symptoms in PD subjects suffering from delayed or unreliable onset of L-dopa action. The study will also include a sub-group of 8 subjects to evaluate their gastroparesis and assess their gastric empty with other measures to explore if APOKYN has any influence on gastric empty rather than just bypassing the stomach with a subcutaneous route of administration. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effect of APOKYN treatment in rapid and reliable improvement of motor symptoms in PD subjects suffering from delayed or unreliable onset of L-dopa action (defined below). APOKYN treatment will also be assessed in a sub-group of PD subjects suffering from gastroparesis and delayed onset of L-dopa action. Delayed or unreliable onset to L-dopa for the study population is defined as impaired motor function (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and/or postural instability) persisting for a minimum of 45 minutes after taking a dose of L-dopa because of its delay in onset of action. The impaired motor function resulting from delay in L-dopa onset is referred to as delayed ON and when it occurs upon awakening is referred to as morning akinesia. Main Study: This is a multicenter, multiple-treatment, open-label, outpatient study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of APOKYN in PD subjects with delayed onset of L dopa action. The study will have: * Screening - 1-5 days (Visit 1); * Baseline L-Dopa Period - 7 days, continuation of L dopa treatment; * Antiemetic Treatment Period - 3-days; initiation of trimethobenzamide 300 mg tid orally; * APOKYN Initiation/optimum dose identification Period (Visit 2)- variable, not more than 11 days; * APOKYN Treatment Period - 7 days, immediately upon identification of optimum dose; * Study Discharge (Visit 3)- within 2 days of completion of the APOKYN treatment period. Gastroparesis Sub-Study: A sub-group of subjects (n=8) from 1 study site that have symptoms of gastroparesis will be admitted to the clinic on 2 occasions to undergo gastroparesis procedures and assessments (once at the conclusion of the baseline L-dopa period and once at the conclusion of the APOKYN treatment period). Note, to do the second gastroparesis assessment, this sub-group of subjects will have an extension for one extra day beyond the designated 7 day APOKYN treatment period (i.e., it will be 8 days) in order to keep the 7 day diary recording outpatient scope of work the same as the rest of the subjects in the study. The second inpatient period will be also considered the end-of-study visit for this sub group.
Interventions
DRUGAPOKYN
Apokyn will be titrated to an optimum dose which reproduces 90% of the subjects' best on UPDRS score during the Initiation Period. During the APOKYN Treatment Period, subjects will inject the dose identified in the initiation period once daily at the time of their normal scheduled L-Dopa dose (L-Dopa will be delayed by 40 minutes).
DRUGL-dopa
Subjects on a stable L-Dopa regimen will be entered into the study. For the L-Dopa Baseline Period through the Initiation Period, subjects will continue their normal L-Dopa dosing regimen. During the APOKYN Treatment Period, subjects will replace their normally scheduled first morning L-Dopa dose with an APOKYN injection, and then administer their normal first morning L-Dopa dose 40 minutes later.
DRUGTrimethobenzamide
Following the L-Dopa Baseline Period, subjects will initiate trimethobenzamide treatment TID for a minimum of 3 days during a Anti-Emetic Pretreatment Period. Subjects will continue trimethobenzamide therapy TID through the duration of the APOKYN Initiation Period and APOKYN Treatment Period.
Sponsors
MDD US Operations, LLC a subsidiary of Supernus Pharmaceuticals
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Male or female ≥18 years of age. 2. Idiopathic PD. 3. Not currently taking APOKYN and, if previously prescribed APOKYN, did not discontinue therapy due to intolerable side effects/safety reasons. 4. Prescribed L-dopa therapy at a steady maintenance dose, representing an optimal treatment regimen in the opinion of the Investigator, for at least 4 weeks before study participation. 5. Minimum subject-reported time to turn on (TTO) in the early morning (time to end akinetic/ bradykinetic state resulting from delay in L-dopa onset of action) of 45 minutes after the first morning L-dopa dose for a minimum of 3 days/week (as determined with the subject diary at Visit 2). 6. Able to adequately differentiate between and describe variations in on and off states in the opinion of the Investigator. 7. I to III Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage in the on state (Appendix B). 8. Be seeking treatment for early morning akinesia. 9. If female and of childbearing potential, must agree to use one of the following methods of birth control: * Oral contraceptive; * Patch; * Barrier (diaphragm, sponge or condom) plus spermicidal preparations; * Intrauterine contraceptive system; * Levonorgestrel implant; * Medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive injection; * Complete abstinence from sexual intercourse; * Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring; or * Surgical sterilization or partner sterile (must have documented proof). 10. Access to a live-in caregiver, if needed. 11. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study-related procedures to complete the study. 12. Able to verbalize understanding of the consent form, able to provide written informed consent. The following must be present for inclusion in the single site gastroparesis sub-study: 13. Have symptoms of gastroparesis. 14. Have improvement of at least one Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage from off to on. 15. Currently seeking treatment for delayed L-dopa onset. 16. Have no allergy to eggs.
Exclusion criteria
1. Changes in L-dopa dosing regimen 4 weeks before the screening visit. 2. Female who is pregnant or lactating. 3. Contraindications to APOKYN or hypersensitive to apomorphine hydrochloride or any of the ingredients of APOKYN (notably sodium metabisulfite). 4. Participation in any other clinical trial within 14 days of the screening visit. 5. Receipt of any investigational (i.e., unapproved) medication within 30 days of the screening visit. 6. Currently taking, or likely to need to take at any time during the course of the study, any 5HT3 antagonist (i.e., ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetron, alosetron). 7. Currently taking medications for treatment of gastroparesis (e.g., erythromycin, cisapride, metoclopramide). 8. Malignant melanoma or a history of previously treated malignant melanoma within 5 years. 9. Serious medical illness including, but not limited to: * Liver disease; * Kidney problems; and * Heart problems. 10. Psychiatric disorder, including but not limited to dementia or any disorder that, in the opinion of the Investigator requires ongoing treatment that would make study participation unsafe or make treatment compliance difficult. 11. Lack of compliance and follow-up. 12. Any other condition, current therapy, or prior therapy (within 30 days of the screening visit), which, in the opinion of the Investigator, would make the subject unsuitable for the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Average Daily Time to on (TTO) by Subject Diary. | L-Dopa Baseline Days 1-7 and APOKYN Treatment Days 1-7 | Patients will record daily time to on or TTO following their regularly scheduled first L-Dopa dose in the baseline period for 7 consecutive days. Following initiation on Apokyn therapy, patients will inject Apokyn at their regularly scheduled L-Dopa time (L-Dopa dosing will be delayed by 40 minutes following Apokyn injection) and record time to on or TTO from the injection. Time to on for both periods will be recorded in a standardized subject diary. Daily TTO for the baseline period will be averaged for each subject and compared to the daily TTO for the same subject during the treatment period to assess APOKYN's effect on TTO. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Gastric Emptying Time | L-Dopa Baseline Days 1-7 and APOKYN Treatment Days 1-8 | A sub-group of subjects from 1 study site that have symptoms of gastroparesis were admitted to the clinic on 2 occasions to undergo gastroparesis procedures and assessments (once at the conclusion of the baseline L-dopa period and once at the conclusion of the APOKYN treatment period). Note, to do the second gastroparesis assessment, this sub-group of subjects had an extension for one extra day beyond the designated 7 day APOKYN treatment period (i.e., it will be 8 days) in order to keep the 7 day diary recording outpatient scope of work the same as the rest of the subjects in the study. The second inpatient period was also considered the end-of-study visit for this sub group. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| APOKYN Subjects will complete an L-Dopa Baseline Period in which they record daily time to on following their regularly scheduled L-Dopa morning dose for 7 days. At the end of the baseline period, patients will start trimethobenzamide therapy during a minimum 3-Day Anti-Emetic Pretreatment Period. Patients determined to remain eligible at the end of the required Anti-Emetic Pretreatment Period will be initiated on APOKYN therapy by an investigator. Once the appropriate dose is identified by a study investigator, patients will inject APOKYN at their regularly scheduled levodopa morning dose time (levodopa will be delayed by 40 minutes) daily during a 7-day APOKYN Treatment Period and record time to on following the APOKYN injection. | 127 |
| Total | 127 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Adverse Event | 20 |
| Baseline | Lost to Follow-up | 1 |
| Baseline | Unable to define optimal dose | 4 |
| Baseline | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
| Treatment | Adverse Event | 3 |
| Treatment | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | APOKYN |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 65.20 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.72 |
| Average Daily Time to On | 59.13 minutes STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.13 |
| Duration of Akinesia (years) 2-4 years | 35 participants |
| Duration of Akinesia (years) <2 years | 44 participants |
| Duration of Akinesia (years) 5-6 years | 16 participants |
| Duration of Akinesia (years) >6 years | 28 participants |
| Duration of Akinesia (years) Unknown | 4 participants |
| Duration of Parkinson's Disease (years) 0-5 years | 21 participants |
| Duration of Parkinson's Disease (years) 11-15 years | 34 participants |
| Duration of Parkinson's Disease (years) 15+ years | 24 participants |
| Duration of Parkinson's Disease (years) 6-10 years | 48 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic or Latino | 6 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Not Hispanic or Latino | 121 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 43 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 84 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 70 / 127 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 127 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline in Average Daily Time to on (TTO) by Subject Diary.
Patients will record daily time to on or TTO following their regularly scheduled first L-Dopa dose in the baseline period for 7 consecutive days. Following initiation on Apokyn therapy, patients will inject Apokyn at their regularly scheduled L-Dopa time (L-Dopa dosing will be delayed by 40 minutes following Apokyn injection) and record time to on or TTO from the injection. Time to on for both periods will be recorded in a standardized subject diary. Daily TTO for the baseline period will be averaged for each subject and compared to the daily TTO for the same subject during the treatment period to assess APOKYN's effect on TTO.
Time frame: L-Dopa Baseline Days 1-7 and APOKYN Treatment Days 1-7
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOKYN | Change From Baseline in Average Daily Time to on (TTO) by Subject Diary. | Baseline | 60.86 minutes | Standard Deviation 18.11 |
| APOKYN | Change From Baseline in Average Daily Time to on (TTO) by Subject Diary. | Treatment Period | 23.72 minutes | Standard Deviation 14.55 |
| APOKYN | Change From Baseline in Average Daily Time to on (TTO) by Subject Diary. | Change from Baseline | 37.14 minutes | Standard Deviation 20.51 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline in Gastric Emptying Time
A sub-group of subjects from 1 study site that have symptoms of gastroparesis were admitted to the clinic on 2 occasions to undergo gastroparesis procedures and assessments (once at the conclusion of the baseline L-dopa period and once at the conclusion of the APOKYN treatment period). Note, to do the second gastroparesis assessment, this sub-group of subjects had an extension for one extra day beyond the designated 7 day APOKYN treatment period (i.e., it will be 8 days) in order to keep the 7 day diary recording outpatient scope of work the same as the rest of the subjects in the study. The second inpatient period was also considered the end-of-study visit for this sub group.
Time frame: L-Dopa Baseline Days 1-7 and APOKYN Treatment Days 1-8
Population: A sub-group of subjects from 1 study site that have symptoms of gastroparesis were admitted to the clinic to undergo gastroparesis procedures and assessments (once at the conclusion of the baseline L-dopa period and once at the conclusion of the APOKYN treatment period)