160 Participants Aged 18-35 Years and Obese (BMI ≥30) Open to Men and Women of All Ethnicity
Conditions
Keywords
diet, obese, overweight, exercise, resistance training, nutrition, glycemic load, body composition, weight training, lifestyle
Brief summary
This project is prompted by the urgent public health need to identify novel strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The higher prevalence of CVD, T2D, and metabolic syndrome in obese individuals is a major healthcare concern. Therefore, finding optimal intervention strategies to combat these growing epidemics is imperative.
Detailed description
At present, the extent to which dietary components can modify endothelial function, monocyte inflammation and glycemic variations is not well defined, although different carbohydrates are known to vary in their abilities to induce plasma glucose and insulin responses. Epidemiologic work suggests that high dietary glycemic load (GL) is associated with increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, endothelial dysfunction markers, and increased risk of T2D and coronary heart disease (CHD). We are examining using randomized control trials low vs. high-GL diet to determine if low-GL diets induce improvements in endothelial function or monocyte inflammation. Furthermore, resistance training is an alternate form of exercise from conventional aerobic training. Resistance Training has the potential to improve endothelial function or monocyte phenotype, but there is very little data in this area. We hypothesize that resistance training may augment the beneficial effects of a low-GL diet in improving metabolic health.
Interventions
OTHERGlycemic Load
OTHERResistance Training
Sponsors
University of California, Los Angeles
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
There are four intervention arms designed to compare two factors, glycemic load and resistance training. Arms consist of high glycemic diet, no exercise, high glycemic diet, resistance training; low glycemic diet, no exercise; low glycemic diet, resistance training.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18-35 with BMI≥30 and/or your waist circumference ≥40 inches for males or ≥35 inches for females * In good health as determined by the screening visit and review of medical history
Exclusion criteria
* Have a known heart arrhythmia and/or abnormalities found in electrocardiogram (ECG) reading or use of medications that influence CV function * Have been in a weight loss or exercise program in the 6 months prior to participation * Use tobacco products * Have a syndrome or are prescribed medications that may influence body composition, insulin action, or CVD (e.g. PCOS, prednisone, methylphenidate, etc.) * Have intolerance to lactose or gluten * Pregnant
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Endothelial function as determined by brachial artery FMD | 12 weeks |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| monocyte inflammation | 12 weeks |
| Insulin Sensitivity by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | 12 weeks |
| MAGE via Continuous Glucose Monitoring System | 12 weeks |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| plasma and cellular biomarkers post pre and post 12 week intervention | 12 weeks | Monocytes will be isolated from subject whole blood and will be phenotyped in 2 ways: 1) as pro- or anti-inflammatory based on flow-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of monocyte-specific markers TLR-4, CD14 and CD16. Serum-Stimulated Cell Culture. Subject serum will be incubated with L6 cells as we have previously performed in monocytes and adipocytes as well as endothelial cells 18, 130. Following 48 hr incubation, cellular insulin-stimulated glucose transport will be assayed as described 129 and conditioned medium assayed for myokine levels (ex. IL-15, 1L-6, etc). Fasting plasma (and conditioned media where appropriate) will be taken to determine a panel of adipokines and hormones (e.g. insulin, adiponectin, HSP-72, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, CRP, 8-iso PGF2α) will be measured using the Millipore Multiplex assay kit or with specific ELISA kits |
| RNA/protein levels via muscle and fat tissue collection | 12 weeks | Approximately 300 mg of muscle tissue from the superficial portion of the vastus lateralis and approximately 3-5 g of subcutaneous adipose tissue from the periumbilical portion of the abdomen will be obtained. |
| body composition (total fat mass, visceral fat, HFF, LBM) via DXA and MRI | 12 weeks | — |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed