Pancreatic Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
Pancreas, Pancreatic, Neoplasms, Stereotactic, Radiosurgery, Borderline, Resectable, Gastrointestinal, Gemcitabine, Capecitabine, Fluorouracil, Docetaxel, SBRT, GTX Chemotherapy
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to find out if a program of intensive chemotherapy with gemcitabine, docetaxel and capecitabine followed by an advanced form of focused radiation aimed at participant's tumor followed by more chemotherapy can increase the chances that the participant's pancreatic tumor can be removed completely.
Detailed description
Investigators plan to conduct a prospective pilot phase II trial of GTX-SBRT as neoadjuvant treatment of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. After informed consent, pretreatment pancreatic tumor tissues will be collected and immediately frozen at the time of staging endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Ribonucleic acid (RNA) will be extracted from tumor specimens and run on microarray analysis to determine radiosensitivity index score. Borderline resectable (BR) patients will be treated with 3 cycles of GTX chemotherapy followed by SBRT. They will be restaged and evaluated for resectability 3 to 4 weeks later. Non-metastatic patients who are deemed resectable after neoadjuvant therapy will be taken to surgery.
Interventions
DRUGCapecitabine
Treatment will begin with the first round of chemotherapy. Each round of chemotherapy will take 21 days. Each round or cycle will start with participants taking capecitabine pills. Participants will take tablets of capecitabine (Xeloda®) twice per day for 14 days followed by 7 days without capecitabine.
DRUGGemcitabine
On the fourth day of the cycle, participants will be treated with gemcitabine and docetaxel. First, this will consist of placing gemcitabine (Gemzar®) in a bag of fluid and giving it by vein over 30 minutes.
DRUGDocetaxel
On the fourth day of the cycle, participants will be treated with gemcitabine and docetaxel. After the gemcitabine, participants will receive docetaxel (Taxotere®) in a bag of fluid over 1 hour.
RADIATIONStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
30/40 Gy to pancreatic tumor/area of borderline resectability
OTHERRestaging review after radiation
After radiation, participants will be re-evaluated for surgery. Patients who have Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR) or stable disease (SD) will proceed with surgical exploration and resection provided they are suitable fit for surgery in the judgment of the surgical oncologist. Patients who have local progression on imaging scan will be offered conventional 5-Fluorouracil based intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). If no surgery: then chemotherapy. If surgery: chemotherapy will be given based on response.
PROCEDURESurgery
Non-metastatic patients who are deemed resectable after neoadjuvant therapy will be taken to surgery. After surgery, chemotherapy will be given based on response.
DRUG5-Fluorouracil
Patients who have local progression on imaging scan will be offered conventional 5-Fluorouracil based intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
Sponsors
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is borderline resectable disease. Borderline resectable lesions are defined as: * circumferential tumor abutment with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or portal vein (PV) or SMV/PV confluence over \</= 180° * circumferential tumor abutment with the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) over \</= 180° * Short segment encasement (360°) of the PV or SMV that is amenable to partial vein resection and reconstruction * encasement of the gastroduodenal artery up to the origin of the hepatic artery * Patients must have measurable disease * No previous chemotherapy or radiation to the pancreas * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \</= 2 (Karnofsky \>/= 60%) * Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below: * leukocytes \>/= 3,000/μL * absolute neutrophil count \>/= 1,000/ μL * platelets \>/= 100,000/ μL * creatinine within normal institutional limits (ULN) * total bilirubin will allow for 2x the upper limit of the institution. Patients may have biliary stents or drains to lower total bilirubin to this range. * Has a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior to initiation of therapy (female patients of childbearing potential). Postmenopausal women must have been amenorrheic for at least 12 months to be considered of non-childbearing potential. Patients will agree to continue contraception for 30 days from the date of the last study drug administration. * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with metastatic disease are ineligible. * Patients who have had prior chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma * Patients who have received prior radiation to an abdominal site are not eligible. * Patients with peripheral neuropathy \>/= grade 2 * Patients with a history of severe hypersensitivity reaction to Taxotere (docetaxel), other drugs formulated with polysorbate 80, gemcitabine, or capecitabine * Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents. * ECOG Performance Status 3-4 * Pregnant or breast-feeding women are excluded from this study because gemcitabine,capecitabine, and docetaxel are Class D agents with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * Patients must not have any comorbid inflammatory conditions of the bowel such as Crohn's Disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Margin-negative (R0) Resection Rate | Up to 3 years | R0 rate for all participants with resection. Margin negative surgery (R0 resection) is an absolute part of the curative treatment of pancreatic cancer.The primary endpoint is correlation of a radio sensitivity index score derived from the microarray analysis and pathologic response on surgical specimens. Tumor regression Rating: R0 (Complete Response). R0 resections are scored as those resections in which the common bile duct margin, pancreatic resection margin, retroperitoneal margin are negative for tumor involvement. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Progression-Free Survival (PFS) at Three Years | 3 years | PFS is defined as the duration of time from enrollment to time of death or progression of disease, whichever occurs first. Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the longest diameter (LD) of the target lesion or appearance of new lesions at metastatic sites. |
| Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 12 months | OS at time of analysis, calculated from date of enrollment to date of death from any cause. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were enrolled at Moffitt Cancer Center from March 2013 through December 2013.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Chemotherapy Followed by Radiation Treatment Gemcitabine, Taxotere, Xeloda (GTX): 21 day cycle x 3 Gemcitabine 750mg/m\^2 on days 4 and 11 Taxotere® (docetaxel) 30 mg/m\^2 on days 4 and 11 Xeloda® (capecitabine) 750 mg/m\^2 on days 1-14 Radiation: stereotactic body radiation therapy stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).
After radiation, participants will be re-evaluated for surgery. | 9 |
| Total | 9 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Chemotherapy Followed by Radiation Treatment |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 7 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 2 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 9 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 9 / 9 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 4 / 9 |
Outcome results
Primary
Margin-negative (R0) Resection Rate
R0 rate for all participants with resection. Margin negative surgery (R0 resection) is an absolute part of the curative treatment of pancreatic cancer.The primary endpoint is correlation of a radio sensitivity index score derived from the microarray analysis and pathologic response on surgical specimens. Tumor regression Rating: R0 (Complete Response). R0 resections are scored as those resections in which the common bile duct margin, pancreatic resection margin, retroperitoneal margin are negative for tumor involvement.
Time frame: Up to 3 years
Population: All participants with resection
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Chemotherapy Followed by Radiation Treatment | Margin-negative (R0) Resection Rate | 67 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival (OS) Rate
OS at time of analysis, calculated from date of enrollment to date of death from any cause.
Time frame: 12 months
Population: All participants per group
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Chemotherapy Followed by Radiation Treatment | Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 33 percentage of participants |
| Resection Group -Chemotherapy Followed by Radiation Treatment | Overall Survival (OS) Rate | 100 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Progression-Free Survival (PFS) at Three Years
PFS is defined as the duration of time from enrollment to time of death or progression of disease, whichever occurs first. Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the longest diameter (LD) of the target lesion or appearance of new lesions at metastatic sites.
Time frame: 3 years
Population: Evaluable participants at 3 years.