Hyperlipidemia
Conditions
Keywords
Dairy, Cheese, Blood lipid concentrations, Blood lipid sizes, Fecal fat, Fat digestibility, bile acids
Brief summary
The main objective of the current study is to examine whether a high intake of regular-fat cheeses (Danbo and Cheddar) affect blood lipids differently than an isocaloric intake of either other fatty animal food products or of starchy carbohydrates. Furthermore, effects on fat digestibility, blood pressure, anthropometry, bile acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity is investigated. To do this, a randomized crossover intervention study with 3x14 days full diet periods (cheese diet, meat diet or carb diet)will be conducted in 16 postmenopausal women. Between the diet periods there will be at least 14 days of wash-out where the subjects eat their habitual diets. Fasting blood samples will be drawn before and after the diet periods, and also a non-fasting blood sample will be drawn after the diet periods. Furthermore, total feces is collected the last 5 days of each diet period.
Interventions
OTHERDietary intervention: CHEESE (High cheese intake)
OTHERDietary intervention: MEAT (High Meat intake)
OTHERDietary intervention: CARB (High Carbohydrate intake)
Sponsors
The Danish Dairy Research Foundation, Denmark
Dairy Research Institute
Dairy Farmers of Canada
Centre National Interprofessionel de l'Economie Laitière
Dairy Australia
Nederlandse Zuivel Organisatie
University of Copenhagen
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
45 Years to 68 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Female gender * Postmenopausal for \>1 year * Age 45-68 years * BMI 25-32 kg/m2 * TC \> 4.5 mmol/L and \< 7 mmol/L * Systolic blood pressure \<160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \<100 mmHg
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic diseases (known diabetes; CVD; other chronic diseases which could affect the results of the present study) * Milk allergy * Nut allergy * Use of dietary supplements incl. multivitamins (2 months before and during the entire study period) * Smoking * Elite athletes (\>10 hours of strenuous physical activity per week) * Use of prescription medicine which could affect the results of the present study including systemic glucocorticoids * Use of lipid-lowering agents * Stable dose of antihypertensive medication \>3 months before study commencement for subjects with high blood pressure * Hormone replacement therapy * Blood donation \<1 month before study commencement and during study period * Simultaneous participation in other clinical studies * Inability (physically or psychologically) to comply with the procedures required by the protocol
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| LDL cholesterol | day 1 and day 14 in each diet period | fasting, mmol/l |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ApoA1 and ApoB | day 1 and day 14 in each diet period | — |
| Dietary fat digestibility | During day 10-14 in each period | Fecal fat and energy excretion. Total excretion of fecal fat (grams/day) and energy (kJ/day) averaged over five days |
| Blood pressure | day 1 and day 14 in each diet period | mmHg |
| Blood lipid concentrations | day 1 and day 14 in each diet period | Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. Fasting, mmol/l. Triglycerides. Fasting and non-fasting, mmol/l |
| Insulin sensitivity | day 1 and 14 in each diet period | Fasting and non-fasting glucose and insulin |
| Bile acid metabolism | day 14 of each intervention period | Serum alpha-HC, fecal bile acid excretion |
| Anthropometry | day 1 and day 14 in each diet period | waist to hip ratio, waist circumference and body weight |
Countries
Denmark
Outcome results
None listed