Gallbladder Disease
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the use of deep or standard neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in combination with low or standard insufflation pressure in participants undergoing a surgical procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Insufflation refers to the injection of carbon dioxide into the abdomen during the laparoscopic surgery, to allow visualization of and access to the surgical field. The primary hypothesis of the study is that the use of sustained deep NMB improves the surgeon's overall satisfaction with surgical conditions as compared to standard NMB. The in-patient surgery is performed on Day 1 and the participant remains hospitalized for at least 48 hours following the surgery (or at least 24 hours following the surgery, if local practice does not allow 48 hours of hospitalization post surgery). On Day 8, a follow-up visit/contact including all participants occurs.
Detailed description
During procedure, surgeon (who was blinded to random assignment) could request that unblinded anesthetist change the randomized treatment conditions (called a rescue intervention), if surgeon considered surgical conditions to be unacceptable. This was to be done systematically as follows: If the participant is on standard NMB, the preferred rescue intervention should be to increase the NMB to a depth of 1-2 PTCs; for such a participant the second option (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) should be the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mmHg. If the participant is already on deep NMB, the preferred option should be (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mmHg.
Interventions
DRUGRocuronium
NMB will be induced by intravenous (IV) administration of a bolus dose of 0.45 mg/kg rocuronium. NMB will be maintained using rocuronium infusion or additional bolus doses as needed for the management of NMB to the targeted depth according to the assigned treatment condition. - Standard NMB - administration of neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) titrated to a depth of blockade at a targeted TOF ratio of 10% (range: TOF count 2-3 to TOF ratio of 20%). - Deep NMB - administration of NMBA titrated to a targeted depth of 1-2 Post Tetanic Counts (PTCs) (range: 1-5 PTC).
OTHERInsufflation
Insufflation (injection) of carbon dioxide will be used to induce pneumoperitoneum, which is presence of air or gas in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity. * Standard insufflation pressure - a starting pressure of 12 mmHg will be used. * Low insufflation pressure - a starting pressure of 8 mmHg will be used.
DRUGSugammadex
NMB will be reversed with IV administration of 2 or 4 mg/kg sugammadex (depending on the depth of NMB) according to the approved label for sugammadex.
Sponsors
Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class 1 or 2 or 3 * Scheduled to undergo an elective in-patient laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure under general anesthesia with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) using propofol and remifentanil * Eligible to undergo rocuronium-induced NMB for endotracheal intubation and maintenance of NMB * Will recover in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) and remain in the hospital for at least 48 hours following the surgical procedure (or at least 24 hours following the surgical procedure, if local practice does not allow 48 hours of hospitalization post surgery) * Body mass index (BMI) ≤35 * Willing and able to adhere to visit schedules including all required study assessments on Day 3 through 8 (daily pain and medication diary entry) * For sexually active female participants of child-bearing potential - able to use a medically accepted method of contraception through 7 days after receiving protocol-specified medication
Exclusion criteria
* Neuromuscular disorders that may affect NMB and/or trial assessments * Lifetime history of previous abdominal surgery, including laparotomies, Cesarean section, laparoscopic procedures or diagnostic laparoscopies * Substance abuse or dependence (excluding nicotine) within the past 6 months * History of a chronic pain condition (requiring continuous/daily pain medication prior to surgery) * For female participants - lifetime history of a Cesarean section, or has given birth to one or more children within the last year, or is currently pregnant or has the intention to become pregnant between randomization and pregnancy follow-up contact ≥30 days after administration of trial treatments (rocuronium, sugammadex) * Evidence of acute cholecystitis * Dialysis-dependency or suspected of having severe renal insufficiency * Significant hepatic dysfunction that would prevent participation in the trial * History of or family history of malignant hyperthermia * Allergy to trial treatments (rocuronium or sugammadex) or their excipients, to opioids/opiates, or other medication used during general anesthesia * Received or is planned to receive toremifene or fusidic acid within 24 hours before or after receiving rocuronium or sugammadex * Expected transfer to an Intensive Care Unit after surgery * Any clinically significant condition or situation, other than the reason for the cholecystectomy that would interfere with the trial evaluations or optimal participation in the trial * Used any investigational drugs within 30 days of randomization * Participated in any other clinical trial within 30 days of signing the informed consent form of the current trial * Participated in any other clinical trial involving any personnel of the investigational or Sponsor staff directly involved with this trial * Is a family member of any personnel of the investigational or Sponsor staff directly involved with this trial
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, needed intervention) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the surgical conditions related to anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the overall assessment of surgical conditions should be rated as 0 (=poor, needed intervention). The surgeon will rate the surgical conditions according to his opinion but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis. |
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, needed intervention) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the surgical conditions related to anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the overall assessment of surgical conditions should be rated as 0 (=poor, needed intervention). The surgeon will rate the surgical conditions according to his opinion but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Visibility of the Surgical Field: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable visibility) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the visual field during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the surgeon will rate his overall satisfaction with the visibility of the surgical field according to his opinion, but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis. |
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Muscle Relaxation During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable muscle relaxation, required intervention) to 10 (excellent): How do you rate the overall adequacy of muscle relaxation during the surgery you just performed? |
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Insufflation Pressure During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable insufflation pressure, required intervention) to 10 (excellent): How do you rate the overall adequacy of insufflation pressure during the surgery you just performed? |
| Number of Times Participant's Movements or Increased Muscle Tone Interfered With the Surgical Conditions During Laparoscopy: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | During surgery, approximate duration of 1-2 hours (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question: How many times did patient's movements (coughing, bucking, hiccup) or increased muscle tone (resistance, difficulty to close fasciae or skin) interfere with your surgery? |
| Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Effect Participant's Movements During Surgery Had on the Overall Surgical Procedure: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | End of surgery (Day 1) | At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (extremely disruptive) to 10 (not disruptive): How did the patient movements described above disrupt your surgical performance? This refers to participant movements during surgery. |
| Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | Up to 24 hours after administration of sugammadex on Day 1 | Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. The participant's overall average pain score within 24 hours after sugammadex was the average of all pain assessments (including all 3 pain types assessed) at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after sugammadex dose. |
| Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Days 2 to 8 | Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of overall pain at rest for the study days following the surgery. |
| Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Days 2 to 8 | Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of provoked pain for the study days following the surgery. |
| Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Days 2 to 8 | Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of shoulder pain for the study days following the surgery. |
| Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Up to Day 8 | Post operative use of pain/analgesic medication by participant through Day 8 was recorded. |
| Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | During surgery, approximate duration of 1-2 hours (Day 1) | During procedure, surgeon (who was blinded to random assignment) could request that unblinded anesthetist change the randomized treatment conditions (called a rescue intervention), if surgeon considered surgical conditions to be unacceptable. This was to be done systematically as follows: If the participant is on standard NMB, the preferred rescue intervention should be to increase the NMB to a depth of 1-2 PTCs; for such a participant the second option (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) should be the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mm Hg. If the participant is already on deep NMB, the preferred option should be (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mm Hg. The unblinded anesthetist recorded any rescue actions performed. This measure presents the number of participants: with any rescue action performed, with rescue change in depth of NMB, with rescue change in insufflation pressure level. |
| Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm | Up to 24 hours after administration of sugammadex on Day 1 | Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. The participant's overall average pain score within 24 hours after sugammadex was the average of all pain assessments (including all 3 pain types assessed) at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after sugammadex dose. |
Countries
Germany, Italy
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Participants were randomized to 4 arms based on combinations of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) depth and insufflation pressure level. During procedure, blinded surgeon could request that unblinded anesthetist change the randomized treatment conditions (rescue intervention), if surgeon considered surgical conditions to be unacceptable.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Standard NMB and Standard Insufflation Pressure Treatment condition for this reporting group is Standard NMB (depth of blockade at a targeted TOF ratio of 10%)/Standard insufflation pressure (starting pressure of 12 mmHg). | 36 |
| Standard NMB and Low Insufflation Pressure Treatment condition for this reporting group is Standard NMB (depth of blockade at a targeted TOF ratio of 10%)/Low insufflation pressure (starting pressure of 8 mmHg). | 30 |
| Deep NMB and Standard Insufflation Pressure Treatment condition for this reporting group is Deep NMB (depth of blockade of 1-2 PTCs)/Standard insufflation pressure (starting pressure of 12 mmHg). | 31 |
| Deep NMB and Low Insufflation Pressure Treatment condition for this reporting group is Deep NMB (depth of blockade of 1-2 PTCs)/Low insufflation pressure (starting pressure of 8 mmHg). | 30 |
| Total | 127 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Other reason (not specified) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Screen failure | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Standard NMB and Standard Insufflation Pressure | Standard NMB and Low Insufflation Pressure | Deep NMB and Standard Insufflation Pressure | Deep NMB and Low Insufflation Pressure | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 46.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.7 | 39.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.6 | 43.5 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.6 | 46.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.8 | 43.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.5 |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 15 Participants | 11 Participants | 13 Participants | 9 Participants | 48 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 21 Participants | 19 Participants | 18 Participants | 21 Participants | 79 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 31 / 33 | 23 / 23 | 39 / 40 | 26 / 26 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 33 | 1 / 23 | 1 / 40 | 2 / 26 |
Outcome results
Primary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, needed intervention) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the surgical conditions related to anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the overall assessment of surgical conditions should be rated as 0 (=poor, needed intervention). The surgeon will rate the surgical conditions according to his opinion but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis.
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 6.83 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 7.92 score on a scale |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 8.89 score on a scale |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 5.87 score on a scale |
Comparison: Primary hypothesis - deep NMB improves surgeon's overall satisfaction with the surgical conditions compared to standard NMBp-value: 0.02695% CI: [0.13, 2.04]ANCOVA
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-3.99, -2.05]ANCOVA
Primary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, needed intervention) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the surgical conditions related to anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the overall assessment of surgical conditions should be rated as 0 (=poor, needed intervention). The surgeon will rate the surgical conditions according to his opinion but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis.
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | 8.65 score on a acale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | 4.99 score on a acale |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | 9.09 score on a acale |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | 6.69 score on a acale |
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [2.3, 5.02]
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [-1.8, 0.91]
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [0.57, 3.36]
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [-5.42, -2.78]
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [-3.01, -0.38]
Comparison: ANCOVA model included factors depth of NMB, level of pressure, surgeon and BMI95% CI: [1.08, 3.74]
Secondary
Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm
Post operative use of pain/analgesic medication by participant through Day 8 was recorded.
Time frame: Up to Day 8
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Between 48 hours and end of Day 5 | 27 participants using pain medication |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 3 to 24 hours post surgery | 26 participants using pain medication |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | On Day 6, 7 or 8 | 19 participants using pain medication |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 to 48 hours post surgery | 26 participants using pain medication |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Within 3 hours post surgery | 31 participants using pain medication |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 to 48 hours post surgery | 22 participants using pain medication |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Between 48 hours and end of Day 5 | 20 participants using pain medication |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | On Day 6, 7 or 8 | 14 participants using pain medication |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 3 to 24 hours post surgery | 21 participants using pain medication |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Within 3 hours post surgery | 21 participants using pain medication |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 to 48 hours post surgery | 35 participants using pain medication |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Within 3 hours post surgery | 37 participants using pain medication |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 3 to 24 hours post surgery | 38 participants using pain medication |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Between 48 hours and end of Day 5 | 29 participants using pain medication |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | On Day 6, 7 or 8 | 25 participants using pain medication |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Between 48 hours and end of Day 5 | 17 participants using pain medication |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 3 to 24 hours post surgery | 24 participants using pain medication |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Within 3 hours post surgery | 24 participants using pain medication |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 to 48 hours post surgery | 23 participants using pain medication |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants Using Pain/Analgesic Medication During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | On Day 6, 7 or 8 | 10 participants using pain medication |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm
During procedure, surgeon (who was blinded to random assignment) could request that unblinded anesthetist change the randomized treatment conditions (called a rescue intervention), if surgeon considered surgical conditions to be unacceptable. This was to be done systematically as follows: If the participant is on standard NMB, the preferred rescue intervention should be to increase the NMB to a depth of 1-2 PTCs; for such a participant the second option (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) should be the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mm Hg. If the participant is already on deep NMB, the preferred option should be (if participant is also on low insufflation pressure) the increase of insufflation pressure by 4 mm Hg. The unblinded anesthetist recorded any rescue actions performed. This measure presents the number of participants: with any rescue action performed, with rescue change in depth of NMB, with rescue change in insufflation pressure level.
Time frame: During surgery, approximate duration of 1-2 hours (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue action performed | 0 participants |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in pressure level | 0 participants |
| Standard NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in depth of NMB | 0 participants |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue action performed | 7 participants |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in pressure level | 6 participants |
| Deep NMB | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in depth of NMB | 5 participants |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in depth of NMB | 0 participants |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue action performed | 0 participants |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in pressure level | 0 participants |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue action performed | 5 participants |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in pressure level | 5 participants |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Number of Participants With Rescue Actions Performed During Surgery in Order to Improve Insufficient Surgical Conditions: By Treatment Arm | Number with rescue change in depth of NMB | 0 participants |
Secondary
Number of Times Participant's Movements or Increased Muscle Tone Interfered With the Surgical Conditions During Laparoscopy: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question: How many times did patient's movements (coughing, bucking, hiccup) or increased muscle tone (resistance, difficulty to close fasciae or skin) interfere with your surgery?
Time frame: During surgery, approximate duration of 1-2 hours (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Number of Times Participant's Movements or Increased Muscle Tone Interfered With the Surgical Conditions During Laparoscopy: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 0.92 instances of occurrence that interfered |
| Deep NMB | Number of Times Participant's Movements or Increased Muscle Tone Interfered With the Surgical Conditions During Laparoscopy: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 0.32 instances of occurrence that interfered |
p-value: 0.07395% CI: [-1.27, 0.06]ANCOVA
Secondary
Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm
Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of overall pain at rest for the study days following the surgery.
Time frame: Days 2 to 8
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 1.66 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 1.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 0.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.89 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 0.89 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.89 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.79 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.39 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 1.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 1.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.29 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 1.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 1.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.09 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 1.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 1.87 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 1.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 1.45 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 1.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.94 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.24 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 2.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 1.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 2.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 1.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 1.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 2.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Overall Pain at Rest During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.75 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
Secondary
Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm
Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of provoked pain for the study days following the surgery.
Time frame: Days 2 to 8
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 3.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.37 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 2.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.96 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 2.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.69 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 1.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.54 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 1.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 1.37 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.34 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 1.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 1.90 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 2.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.19 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 1.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.75 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 1.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 1.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.95 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 2.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.33 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 3.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.76 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 2.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.24 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 2.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.11 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 3.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.17 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 2.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 2.51 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.06 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 1.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.02 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 3.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.92 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 2.94 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.08 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 3.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.11 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 1.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 2.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.83 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 3.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.47 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 1.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 1.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.38 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Provoked Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 1.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
Secondary
Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm
Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily (in the morning) from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. This measure summarizes the assessment of shoulder pain for the study days following the surgery.
Time frame: Days 2 to 8
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 0.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.97 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 1.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.71 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 0.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 0.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Standard NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.00 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 0.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 0.80 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.32 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.37 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 1.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.15 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 0.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.22 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.24 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 1.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 0.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 0.67 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 0.70 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.66 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.49 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 4 (N=28, 20, 37, 23) | 0.61 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.27 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 3 (N=22, 20, 30, 17) | 0.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 8 (N=28, 21, 35, 21) | 0.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.36 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 7 (N=27, 21, 34, 22) | 0.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 48 hours after sugammadex dose (n=27, 22, 33, 23) | 0.96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.12 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 5 (N=27, 21, 38, 24) | 0.25 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.85 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | 24 hours after sugammadex dose (n=29, 22, 38, 25) | 1.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.33 |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Daily Assessment of Shoulder Pain During Post Operative Period: By Treatment Arm | Day 6 (N=27, 20, 35, 24) | 0.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
Secondary
Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low)
Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. The participant's overall average pain score within 24 hours after sugammadex was the average of all pain assessments (including all 3 pain types assessed) at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after sugammadex dose.
Time frame: Up to 24 hours after administration of sugammadex on Day 1
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 2.48 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 2.83 score on a scale |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 2.74 score on a scale |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) and Insufflation Pressure (Standard, Low) | 2.57 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.14895% CI: [-0.13, 0.84]ANOVA
Comparison: Key secondary hypothesis - low insufflation pressure improves overall average pain score in first 24 hours compared to standard insufflation pressurep-value: 0.49495% CI: [-0.67, 0.33]ANOVA
Secondary
Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm
Participants rated pain at 1, 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours after the administration of sugammadex on day of surgery (Day 1), and daily from Day 3 to Day 8. Pain rating was made using an 11-point scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). Separate ratings were made for overall pain at rest, pain when provoked (e.g., due to participant transition from lying to sitting position) and shoulder pain at rest. The participant's overall average pain score within 24 hours after sugammadex was the average of all pain assessments (including all 3 pain types assessed) at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours after sugammadex dose.
Time frame: Up to 24 hours after administration of sugammadex on Day 1
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB or pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, or received sugammadex, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure. Participants were included in arm corresponding to treatment actually received, which in case of rescue intervention was the post-intervention condition.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm | 2.42 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm | 2.62 score on a scale |
| Standard Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm | 3.06 score on a scale |
| Low Insufflation Pressure | Participant's Overall Average Pain Score in the First 24 Hours After Administration of Sugammadex: By Treatment Arm | 2.57 score on a scale |
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-0.92, 0.52]
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-1.27, -0.02]
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-0.84, 0.53]
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-1.15, 0.26]
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-0.69, 0.78]
Comparison: ANOVA model included factors treatment group, gender and surgeon95% CI: [-0.17, 1.16]
Secondary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Visibility of the Surgical Field: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable visibility) to 10 (excellent): How satisfied were you overall with the visual field during the surgery you just performed? If at any time the surgeon requests a rescue intervention, the surgeon will rate his overall satisfaction with the visibility of the surgical field according to his opinion, but if a rescue intervention has been applied, that individual participant will be counted with a score of zero in the analysis.
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Visibility of the Surgical Field: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 6.88 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of Overall Satisfaction With the Visibility of the Surgical Field: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 7.80 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.06395% CI: [-0.05, 1.87]ANCOVA
Secondary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Effect Participant's Movements During Surgery Had on the Overall Surgical Procedure: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (extremely disruptive) to 10 (not disruptive): How did the patient movements described above disrupt your surgical performance? This refers to participant movements during surgery.
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Effect Participant's Movements During Surgery Had on the Overall Surgical Procedure: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 9.21 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Effect Participant's Movements During Surgery Had on the Overall Surgical Procedure: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 9.94 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.00995% CI: [0.19, 1.28]ANCOVA
Secondary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Insufflation Pressure During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable insufflation pressure, required intervention) to 10 (excellent): How do you rate the overall adequacy of insufflation pressure during the surgery you just performed?
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Insufflation Pressure During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 6.73 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Insufflation Pressure During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 7.86 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.00695% CI: [0.32, 1.92]ANCOVA
Secondary
Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Muscle Relaxation During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep)
At the end of the procedure the surgeon responds to the following question, using an 11-point scale from 0 (poor, unacceptable muscle relaxation, required intervention) to 10 (excellent): How do you rate the overall adequacy of muscle relaxation during the surgery you just performed?
Time frame: End of surgery (Day 1)
Population: Randomized participants with available data who had NMB and pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, and did not convert to open surgery before NMB and/or pressure application. Participants were included in the treatment arm to which they were randomized.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Muscle Relaxation During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 8.05 score on a scale |
| Deep NMB | Score on Surgeon's Assessment of the Overall Adequacy of Muscle Relaxation During Surgery: By Depth of NMB (Standard, Deep) | 8.87 score on a scale |
p-value: 0.00495% CI: [0.27, 1.37]ANCOVA