Unsuspected Pulmonary Embolism
Conditions
Keywords
Unsuspected, pulmonary embolism, cancer
Brief summary
The same initial and long-term anticoagulation is suggested for unsuspected pulmonary embolism as for patients with symptomatic embolism. Based on these indications, cancer patients with unsuspected pulmonary embolism would be anticoagulated for at least 6 months or until the disease is active, which in most cases would mean indefinite treatment. In fact, dedicated studies on the treatment of unsuspected pulmonary embolism are missing, leaving doubts over the need for (indefinite) anticoagulation which exposes these patients to an increased risk of major bleeding events. Concerns over the need for anticoagulant treatment may especially hold for pulmonary embolism of the distal pulmonary tree since segmental and sub-segmental PE seem to have a more benign course than more proximal embolism. The scope of this study is to evaluate the current treatment approaches for unsuspected pulmonary embolism and to assess their efficacy and safety in a large prospective cohort of cancer patients.
Interventions
DRUGHeparin, fondaparinux, vitamin-K antagonists, aspirin
Parenteral or oral anticoagulant Antiplatelet agent
Sponsors
G. d'Annunzio University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* cancer patients with a first diagnosis of unsuspected PE
Exclusion criteria
1. age \<18 years; 2. ongoing anticoagulant therapy for previous VTE or indications for long-term anticoagulation other than deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or PE; 3. life expectancy less than 3 months.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Recurrent (symptomatic) vein thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis | one year | Suspected recurrent PE with one of the following: 1. new intra-luminal filling defect on CT scan, MRI scan, or pulmonary angiogram; 2. new perfusion defect of at least 75% on V/Q lung scan; 3. inconclusive spiral CT, pulmonary angiography or lung scan with demonstration of DVT in the lower extremities by CUS or venography Fatal PE is: 1. PE based on objective diagnostic testing or autopsy or 2. death not attributed to a documented cause and for which DVT/PE cannot be ruled out. Suspected (recurrent) DVT with one of the following findings: 1. abnormal CUS; 2. an intra-luminal filling defect on venography. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Major, clinically relevant non-major bleeding, and minor bleeding | one year | Major bleeding will be defined as overt bleeding associated with: a fall in hemoglobin of 2 g/dL or more, or leading to a transfusion of 2 or more units of packed red blood cells or whole blood, or bleeding that occurs in a critical site: intracranial, intra-spinal, intraocular, pericardial, intra-articular, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, retroperitoneal or contributing to death. Other clinically relevant non-major bleeding will be defined as overt bleeding not meeting the criteria for major bleeding but associated with medical intervention, unscheduled contact (visit or telephone call) with a physician, (temporary) cessation of study treatment, or associated with discomfort for the patient such as pain, or impairment of activities of daily life. All other bleeding events will be classified as minor. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mortality | one year | Overall mortality |
Countries
Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, United States
Outcome results
None listed