A 12 Week Treatment, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo and Active Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Indacaterol Maleate / Glycopyrronium Bromide in COPD Patients With Moderate to Severe Airflow Limitation.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Baseline FEV1 was defined as the average of the pre-dose FEV1 measured at -45 minutes (min) and -15 min at day 1. A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM), used for this analysis, included terms of treatment, baseline FEV1 measurements, smoking status at baseline, baseline inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, region, baseline FEV1 \* visit interaction, and visit, treatment \* visit interaction. Missing values of FEV1 AUC0-12 at Day 1 and Week 12 will not imputed. The trapezoidal rule was used to calculate FEV1 AUC and then normalized to the length of time.

Time frame: baseline (BL), 12 Weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set: The full analysis set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who were missing day 1 and/or week 12 FEV1 AUC 0-12h measurements, were not included in the analysis.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Baseline FEV1 was defined as the average of the pre-dose FEV1 measured at -45 minutes (min) and -15 min at day 1. A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM), used for this analysis, included terms of treatment, baseline FEV1 measurements, smoking status at baseline, baseline inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, region, baseline FEV1 \* visit interaction, and visit, treatment \* visit interaction.

Time frame: BL, Day 1:5min, 15min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 11h55 min;Day 2: 23h15min, 23h45min;Day 15: -45min, -15min, 1h;Day 29: -45 min, -15min, 1h;Day 57: -45min, -15min, 1h;Day 85: -45min, -15min, 5min, 15min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 11h55min;Day 86: 23h15min; 23h45min

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS): The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study medication. Participants, who has both baseline and post baseline values for a given time point, were included in the analysis for that time point.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Baseline FVC was defined as the average of the pre-dose FVC measured at -45 minutes (min) and -15 min at day 1. A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM), used for this analysis, included terms of treatment, baseline FVC measurements, smoking status at baseline, baseline inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, region, baseline FEV1 \* visit interaction, and visit, treatment \* visit interaction.

Time frame: BL, Day 1: 5min, 15min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 11h55 min;Day 2: 23h15min, 23h45min;Day 15: -45min, -15min, 1h;Day 29: -45 min, -15min, 1h;Day 57: -45min, -15min, 1h;Day 85: -45min, -15min, 5min, 15min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 11h 55min;Day 86: 23h15min; 23h45min

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS): The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study medication. Participants, who has both baseline and post baseline values for a given time point, were included in the analysis for that time point.

Participants completed an electronic diary (eDiary) twice daily at the same time in the morning and evening to record the number of puffs of rescue medication taken in the previous 12 hours. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

Time frame: BL, 12 Weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS) The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and week 12 values, were included in the analysis.

The participant recorded symptom scores twice daily in the eDiary. The daily clinical symptoms included: cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, sputum volume, sputum color, and night time awakening. The range of scores for each assessment is 0 to 3 where 0 indications No symptom and 3 indicates a Severe symptom. The maximum daytime total score is 27 and the maximum nighttime total score is 27. The total daily symptom score is obtained by adding the scores for the morning and evening symptoms for each day. The maximum possible total daily score is 54. A negative change from baseline indicated improvement.

Time frame: BL, 12 Weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS) The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and week 12 values, were included in the analysis.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Pre-dose trough FEV1 was analyzed using the same MMRM as specified for FEV1. Pre-dose trough FEV1 was defined as the mean of FEV1 at -45 min and -15 min before the morning dose. Since the time of evening dose of the previous day was not recorded at these visits, no time window was applied.

Time frame: BL, day 85

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS): The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and week 12 values, were included in the analysis.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Baseline FEV1 was defined as the average of the pre-dose FEV1 measured at -45 minutes (min) and -15 min at day 1. A mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM), used for this analysis, included terms of treatment, baseline FEV1 measurements, smoking status at baseline, baseline inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use, region, baseline FEV1 \* visit interaction, and visit, treatment \* visit interaction. The trapezoidal rule was used to calculate FEV1 AUC and then normalized to the length of time.

Time frame: BL, day 1, week 12

Population: Full Analysis Set: The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and post baseline values for a given time point, were included in the analysis for that time point.

Participants reported change in health status by using the SGRQ. The SGRQ contains 50 items divided into 2 parts covering 3 aspects of health related to COPD: Part I covers Symptoms and is concerned with respiratory symptoms, their frequency and severity; Part II covers Activity and is concerned with activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness; Part II is also concerned with Impacts, which covers a range of aspects concerned with social functioning and psychological disturbances resulting from airways disease. A score was calculated for each of these 3 subscales and a Total score was calculated. In each case the lowest possible value is zero and the highest 100. Higher values correspond to greater impairment of health status. Missing week 12 data were imputed with Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) method but only if measured at day \>= 29. A negative change from baseline indicates improvement.

Time frame: BL, 12 Weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set: The full analysis set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants missing week 12 data were not included in the analysis.

Pulmonary function assessments were performed using centralized spirometry according to international standards. Trough FEV1 was analyzed using the same MMRM as specified for FEV1. Trough FEV1 was defined as the mean of FEV1 at 23 h 15 min and 23 h 45 min after the morning dose of the previous day. Before the mean was calculated, a time window of 10 - 13 hours post-evening dose was applied to these 2 measurements. Recordings outside the time window were set to missing.

Time frame: BL, day 2, day 86

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS): The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and post baseline values for a given time point, were included in the analysis for that time point.

Participants reported change in health status by using the SGRQ. The SGRQ contains 50 items divided into 2 parts covering 3 aspects of health related to COPD: Part I covers Symptoms and is concerned with respiratory symptoms, their frequency and severity; Part II covers Activity and is concerned with activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness; Part II is also concerned with Impacts, which covers a range of aspects concerned with social functioning and psychological disturbances resulting from airways disease. A score was calculated for each of these 3 subscales and a Total score was calculated. In each case the lowest possible value is zero and the highest 100. Higher values correspond to greater impairment of health status.

Time frame: 12 weeks

Population: Participants from the full analysis set, who had a SGRQ total score, were included in the analysis. The full analysis set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment.

The Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI) / TDI is an instrument used to assess a participant's level of dyspnea. The BDI and TDI each have three domains: functional impairment, magnitude of task and magnitude of effort. BDI domains were rated from 0 (severe) to 4 (unimpaired) and rates summed for baseline focal score ranged from 0 to 12; lower scores mean worse severity. TDI domains were rated from -3 (major deterioration) to 3 (major improvement) and rates summed for transition focal score ranged from -9 to 9; negative scores indicate deterioration. A TDI focal score of ≥1 was defined as a clinically important improvement from baseline.

Time frame: BL, 12 weeks

Population: Full Analysis Set (FAS) The FAS included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study treatment. Participants, who had both baseline and week 12 scores, were included in the analysis.