Contraception
Conditions
Keywords
Contraceptive, Injectable
Brief summary
Cyclofem® is a monthly injectable contraceptive containing 25 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 5 mg of estradiol cypionate (E2C), a long-acting ester of estradiol. The current study will assess the steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and estradiol (E2) after administration of Cyclofem® and will provide critical information to determine similar bioavailability of Cyclofem to Lunelle in women residing in the United States of America.
Detailed description
Concept Foundation, an international nonprofit organization based in Bangkok, Thailand, was given the commercial rights to Cyclofem® by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use internationally. The brand names that the Concept Foundation has registered internationally include Cyclofem®, and Novafem® (Pharmacia Pharmaceuticals, Peapack NJ, formerly (Pharmacia and Upjohn of Kalamazoo, Michigan). The company launched its product under license from Concept Foundation with their own brand name, Lunelle™ in the US market. Lunelle™ was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in October, 2000 following which approximately 350,000 women had used the product. However, following the acquisition of Pharmacia and Upjohn by Pfizer and due to several production problems, Pfizer withdrew Lunelle™ from the United States (US) market. Concept Foundation has licensed Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Mumbai, India to manufacture and market Cyclofem® in India and other developing countries. United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approval of Cyclofem® is pivotal to the ultimate acceptance of such products in many countries because of the rigorous standards applied by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug safety and efficacy. This initial pharmacokinetic (PK) study is the first step on the road to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval with the ultimate goal to expand the access and range of methods available to women in the public sector. Approval of Cyclofem® by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) would also allow the reintroduction of CICs to the United States (US) market.
Interventions
DRUGInjection Cyclofem
Injection Cyclofem contains 25 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 5 mg estradiol cypionate as a microcrystalline suspension in 0.5ml aqueous solution and is supplied in vials. Women were administered three consecutive monthly injections of Cyclofem for prevention of ovulation, and were followed until the 92nd day from the last (third) injection.
Sponsors
Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Between 18 and 45 years of age, inclusive; 2. In good health, as evidenced by history and procedures at screening/enrollment visit 3. Without any clinically significant systemic disease; 4. Not at risk for pregnancy, having undergone surgical sterilization 5. Have had regular menstrual cycles (every 21-35 days) for the past two cycles; 6. Planning to reside in the area for at least 7 months after enrolling in the study; and 7. Willing and able to comply with study procedures 8. Have a body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 30 inclusive.
Exclusion criteria
1. Contraindications to the use of Cyclofem® include: 1. Smoking any number of cigarettes per day in a woman \> 35 years old (or in a woman 34 years-old who will turn 35 years-old during the study), 2. Symptoms of chest pain or shortness of breath, 3. Screening visit blood pressure \>140/90, (subjects on hypertensive medications, in good blood pressure control will be admitted). 4. Past or current thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders, 5. Past or current cerebral vascular or coronary artery disease 6. History of stroke, myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease or complicated valvular heart disease 7. Diabetes 8. Past or current carcinoma of the endometrium cervix or vagina; breast or other known or suspected estrogen-depended neoplasia, 9. Headaches with focal neurological symptoms, 10. Unexplained abnormal vaginal bleeding, 11. Liver dysfunction or disease, such as a history of hepatic adenoma or carcinoma; history of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior hormonal contraceptive use including severe pruritus of pregnancy, severe cirrhosis, or active hepatitis (defined as aspartate aminotransferase \[AST or SGOT ≥ 120 IU/L\] or alanine aminotransferase \[ALT or SGPT ≥ 135 IU/L\]) or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities as judged by the physician evaluating the individual subject). 2. Known hypersensitivity to any component of Cyclofem® 3. Have an abnormal Pap smear in the past 12 months defined as: 1. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) without a normal repeat Pap smear at least 6 months later; 2. Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) with positive reflex high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance \[ASC-US\]/human papillomavirus \[HPV\]+) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) except when a colposcopy was performed (with or without biopsy) and found no evidence of high-grade disease (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia \[CIN II\] or worse) unless treatment is indicated per local standard of care; 3. ASC-H, atypical glandular cells, or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) unless treatment was received and follow-up at least 6 months after the treatment showed no evidence of disease; malignant cells; 4. Current use of rifampin, griseofulvin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, or primidone; 5. Other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would constitute contraindications to participation in the study or would compromise ability to comply with the study protocol, such as any major chronic illness including cancer, serious autoimmune disease or a major psychiatric disorder (e.g. schizophrenia); 6. Current participation in any other drug or device study, or any study which, in the opinion of the investigator, would jeopardize interpretation of results of this study; 7. Active thyroid disease as measured by thyroid-stimulating hormone \[TSH\] levels ≤0.3 mU/L or ≥ 5 mU/L. Subjects with thyroid disease in good control with thyroid medication will be admitted.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations | Day 1, Day 29, Day 57' and 'Day 85 | Assessment of mean trough levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on Day 1, Day 29, Day 57 and Day 85 |
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics | Day 85 | The mean serum concentration-time profile for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after three consecutive monthly intramuscular administration of Cyclofem (AUC). Peripheral blood sample for MPA was to be drawn three times a week for PK assessment during the third treatment month (Days 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 75, 78, and 85) and for Day 85 (28 days post 3rd dose). |
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Cmax | 85 days | The mean serum concentration-time profile for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after three consecutive monthly intramuscular administration of Cyclofem |
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Tmax | Day 85 | Mean serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations peaked at 4.1 days (range 1 - 21 days) after the third monthly administration of Cyclofem. |
| Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics T1/2 | Day 85 | — |
| Estradiol (E2) Concentrations | Day 1, Day 29, Day 57' and ''Day 85 | Mean serum estradiol (E2) concentrations on Day 1, Day 29, Day 57 and Day 85 |
| Estradiol (E2) Pharmacokinetics. | Day 28 | AUC 0-28, AUC(0-inf). Peripheral blood sample for E2 was to be drawn three times a week for PK assessment during the third treatment month. |
| Tmax | Day 85 | Mean serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) peaked by 3.3 days (range 1 - 7 days) following the third monthly injection |
| T1/2 | Day 85 | Mean no of days for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and estradiol (E2) |
| Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 134 | Return of ovulation measured by changes in serum progesterone concentration by analysis on Day 18, Day 21 (Control cycle), Day 103, Day 106, Day 131 and Day 134 indicating the number of subjects who achieved ovulation. Outcome measure description indicates what was measure. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
The study was conducted at the CONRAD Clinical Research Center (CRC) located in the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine at the Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS) in Norfolk, vasectomy (VA) in subjects with previous surgical sterilization and therefore were not at risk for pregnancy
Pre-assignment details
A total of 7 women failed screening: 3 women had control cycle luteal phase serum P \< 3 ng/mL; 3 women withdrew consent; and 1 potential subject was not enrolled because the study had enrolled the requisite number of subjects and was closed for enrollment
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem Injection of Cyclofem contains 25 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 5 mg estradiol cypionate as a microcrystalline suspension in 0.5ml aqueous solution and is supplied in vials.
Women were administered three consecutive monthly injections of Cyclofem for prevention of ovulation, and were followed until the 92nd day from the last (third) injection. | 17 |
| Total | 17 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Early discontinuation from the study | 3 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Injection Cyclofem |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 17 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 34.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.21 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 17 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 17 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 7 / 17 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 17 |
Outcome results
Primary
Estradiol (E2) Concentrations
Mean serum estradiol (E2) concentrations on Day 1, Day 29, Day 57 and Day 85
Time frame: Day 1, Day 29, Day 57' and ''Day 85
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Concentrations | Day 57 | 52 pg/mL | Standard Deviation 22 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Concentrations | Day 1 | 46 pg/mL | Standard Deviation 18 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Concentrations | Day 29 | 44 pg/mL | Standard Deviation 19 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Concentrations | Day 85 | 42 pg/mL | Standard Deviation 17 |
Primary
Estradiol (E2) Pharmacokinetics.
AUC 0-28, AUC(0-inf). Peripheral blood sample for E2 was to be drawn three times a week for PK assessment during the third treatment month.
Time frame: Day 28
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Pharmacokinetics. | AUC (0-28) | 3289.6546 pg*day/mL | Standard Deviation 888.56879 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Estradiol (E2) Pharmacokinetics. | AUC (0-inf) | 3922.3365 pg*day/mL | Standard Deviation 1019.80283 |
Primary
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations
Assessment of mean trough levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on Day 1, Day 29, Day 57 and Day 85
Time frame: Day 1, Day 29, Day 57' and 'Day 85
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations | Day 1 | 0.00 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations | Day 29 | 0.27 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 0.09 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations | Day 57 | 0.43 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 0.13 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Concentrations | Day 85 | 0.44 ng/mL | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
Primary
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics
The mean serum concentration-time profile for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after three consecutive monthly intramuscular administration of Cyclofem (AUC). Peripheral blood sample for MPA was to be drawn three times a week for PK assessment during the third treatment month (Days 58, 60, 62, 64, 67, 69, 71, 75, 78, and 85) and for Day 85 (28 days post 3rd dose).
Time frame: Day 85
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics | AUC (0-84) | 31.5029 ng*day/mL | Standard Error 7.49456 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics | AUC (0-28) | 20.5831 ng*day/mL | Standard Error 6.58448 |
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics | AUC (0-inf) | 33.4528 ng*day/mL | Standard Error 8.23617 |
Primary
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Cmax
The mean serum concentration-time profile for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after three consecutive monthly intramuscular administration of Cyclofem
Time frame: 85 days
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Cmax | 1.311380 ng/mL | Standard Error 0.437259 |
Primary
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics T1/2
Time frame: Day 85
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics T1/2 | 16.9413 day | Standard Deviation 7.49264 |
Primary
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Tmax
Mean serum medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations peaked at 4.1 days (range 1 - 21 days) after the third monthly administration of Cyclofem.
Time frame: Day 85
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) Pharmacokinetics Tmax | 4.1 day | Standard Deviation 5.01 |
Primary
Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration
Return of ovulation measured by changes in serum progesterone concentration by analysis on Day 18, Day 21 (Control cycle), Day 103, Day 106, Day 131 and Day 134 indicating the number of subjects who achieved ovulation. Outcome measure description indicates what was measure.
Time frame: Day 134
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 18 | 17 participants |
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 21 | 17 participants |
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 103 | 0 participants |
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 106 | 1 participants |
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 131 | 1 participants |
| Injection Cyclofem | Number of Participants Who Achieved Ovulation Determined by Serum Progesterone Concentration | Day 134 | 1 participants |
Primary
T1/2
Mean no of days for medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and estradiol (E2)
Time frame: Day 85
Population: Tmax
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | T1/2 | medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) | 16.9413 day | Standard Deviation 7.49264 |
| Injection Cyclofem | T1/2 | Estradiol (E2) | 10.0960 day | Standard Deviation 4.8712 |
Primary
Tmax
Mean serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) peaked by 3.3 days (range 1 - 7 days) following the third monthly injection
Time frame: Day 85
Population: Tmax
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection Cyclofem | Tmax | 3.3 day | Standard Deviation 2.49 |