Ankylosing Spondylitis
Conditions
Keywords
exercise, mobility, strengthening, physiotherapy
Brief summary
Mobility exercises are used in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients to preserve and restore axial mobility, but there are no data regarding a specific rehabilitation program that includes flexibility alone and its association with resistance exercises in AS patients with stable disease activity. So, we assessed the effects of two exercise programs in terms of mobility, functional capacity, quality of life and disease activity in AS patients. Methods. Fifty-five sedentary AS patients with a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI) \<4 were included.
Detailed description
The AS patients were randomly assigned into three groups, to receive a mobility exercise program (M) or mobility plus elastic resistance exercise program (M+R) or no exercise (C). The exercises group sessions were conducted twice per week for 16 weeks. This supervised program comprised 30 minutes of outdoor stretching and mobility exercises for the spine and limbs (M). After the flexibility program, M+R group carry out more 30 minutes of elastic resistance exercises. The mobility, disease activity and functional parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 16 weeks, with the evaluator blinded to the treatment group.
Interventions
OTHERmobility exercise
30 minutes, twice a week
OTHERmobility and elastic resistance exercise
30 minutes, twice a week each exercises group. (total 1 hour)
Sponsors
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Ankylosing spondylitis patient * Basdai index lower than 4 * Physical inactive * Functional class I to III
Exclusion criteria
* Fibromyalgia * Cardiovascular disease * Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) over 8
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FUNCTIONAL INDEX | Baseline and 16 Weeks | BASFI - Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index. A scale from 0 to 10 (lower scores means better functional capacity), results are measured by mean and standard deviation. |
| Mobility Index | Baseline and 16 weeks | Bath ankylosing spondylitis motion index. A mean of five mobility measures committed by Ankylosing Spondylitis disease. Higher results means higher limitations in mobility (units of measure from 0 to 10) |
| Disease Activity Index | Baseline and 16 Weeks | BASDAI - Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. Scale from 0 to 6. Higher scores means worst disease activity. Numbers are expressed in average (SD) |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Scores vary from 0 to 10, and higher than 4 scores are indicative of disease activity. Data are expressed by means and SD |
| Global Evaluation Self Reported | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global is a self reported global score varying from 0 to 10. Higher scores means worst health evaluation. Expressed by means and standard deviation. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Thoracolumbar Mobility | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Thoracolumbar rotation Pavelka. Measured with a tape in centimeters. Higher number means better thoracolumbar rotation |
| Pain Scale | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Pain was evaluated in a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. higher scores means much pain. Data was expressed by means and standard deviation. |
| Stiffness Scale | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Stiffness was measured by an VAS varying from 0 to 10. Higher scores means worst stiffness. Data are expressed by mean and SD. |
| Short Form-12 (PCS) | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Quality of life was analyzed in a physical component score varying from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health) scale. Data are expressed by mean and SD. |
| Short Form-12 (MCS) | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Quality of life was analyzed in a mental component score varying from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health). Data are expressed by mean and SD. |
| MASES | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) score varying from 0 to 13. Where 0 is no painful point reported and 13 is all tender points reported as painful. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation |
| Chin-coronoid Distance | Baseline and 16 Weeks | lateral rotation of the head (chin-coronoid distance) was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better lateral rotation mobility. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation |
| Tragus-coronoid Distance | Baseline and 16 Weeks | lateral flexion of the head (tragus-coronoid distance) was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better lateral flexion mobility of the head.Data are expressed by means and standard deviation |
| Finger Floor Distance | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Distance between third finger of the hand and the floor while in lumbar flexion. It was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better torso flexion mobility. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation |
| Chest Expansion | Baseline and 16 Weeks | Chest expansion was measured with a tape in centimeters between inspiration and breathing exhaling. Highest score means better chest expansion. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation. |
Countries
Brazil
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Two hundred nine consecutive patients from the division of rheumatology outpatient clinic of the university hospital (Clinics Hospital of University Medicine School of Sao Paulo) diagnosed with AS according to the modified New York criteria, were invited to participate. Fifty Five individuals were randomly allocated into three groups
Pre-assignment details
Seventy patients did not accepted and 84 did not followed inclusion criteria. Fifty five were allocated into three groups after following the inclusion criteria.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control Following a randomization, patients from control group stays during sixteen weeks only with medical treatment. | 18 |
| Stretching in AS stretching exercises
stretching exercise: 30 minutes, twice a week for sixteen weeks. | 17 |
| Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS stretching and elastic resistance exercises
stretching and elastic resistance exercise: 30 minutes, twice a week each exercises group. (total 1 hour) for sixteen weeks. | 20 |
| Total | 55 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Stretching in AS | Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 47.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.8 | 49.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 | 48.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 | 48.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 7 Participants | 17 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 13 Participants | 12 Participants | 13 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 3 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 15 Participants | 15 Participants | 18 Participants | 48 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 18 | 0 / 17 | 0 / 20 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 18 | 0 / 17 | 0 / 20 |
Outcome results
Primary
Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity
Scores vary from 0 to 10, and higher than 4 scores are indicative of disease activity. Data are expressed by means and SD
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | baseline | 1.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | 16 weeks | 2.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.8 |
| Mobility in AS | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | baseline | 1.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Mobility in AS | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | 16 weeks | 1.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | baseline | 1.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scale -Disease Activity | 16 weeks | 1.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
p-value: 0.09Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.94Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.213Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.007Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.9Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Disease Activity Index
BASDAI - Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. Scale from 0 to 6. Higher scores means worst disease activity. Numbers are expressed in average (SD)
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Disease Activity Index | 16 weeks | 3.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Disease Activity Index | baseline | 2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Mobility in AS | Disease Activity Index | baseline | 2.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Mobility in AS | Disease Activity Index | 16 weeks | 2.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Disease Activity Index | baseline | 2.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Disease Activity Index | 16 weeks | 1.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
p-value: 0.004Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.87Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.83Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.989Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.022Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.119Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
FUNCTIONAL INDEX
BASFI - Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index. A scale from 0 to 10 (lower scores means better functional capacity), results are measured by mean and standard deviation.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | baseline | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | 16 weeks | 4.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Mobility in AS | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | baseline | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility in AS | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | 16 weeks | 4.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | baseline | 3.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | FUNCTIONAL INDEX | 16 weeks | 2.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
p-value: 0.13Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.11Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.9913Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.0427Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.1856Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Global Evaluation Self Reported
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global is a self reported global score varying from 0 to 10. Higher scores means worst health evaluation. Expressed by means and standard deviation.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Global Evaluation Self Reported | 16 weeks | 5.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Global Evaluation Self Reported | baseline | 3.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility in AS | Global Evaluation Self Reported | 16 weeks | 4.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Mobility in AS | Global Evaluation Self Reported | baseline | 5.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Global Evaluation Self Reported | baseline | 4.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Global Evaluation Self Reported | 16 weeks | 3.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
p-value: 0.003Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.69Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.874Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.057Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.526Mixed Models Analysis
Primary
Mobility Index
Bath ankylosing spondylitis motion index. A mean of five mobility measures committed by Ankylosing Spondylitis disease. Higher results means higher limitations in mobility (units of measure from 0 to 10)
Time frame: Baseline and 16 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Mobility Index | baseline | 4.3 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Mobility Index | 16 weeks | 4.6 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Mobility in AS | Mobility Index | baseline | 5.3 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Mobility in AS | Mobility Index | 16 weeks | 4.8 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Mobility Index | baseline | 4.5 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Mobility Index | 16 weeks | 4.0 units on a scale from 0 to 10 | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
p-value: 0.04Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.0002Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.0002Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.935Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.876Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Chest Expansion
Chest expansion was measured with a tape in centimeters between inspiration and breathing exhaling. Highest score means better chest expansion. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Chest Expansion | baseline | 2.8 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Chest Expansion | 16 weeks | 3.0 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility in AS | Chest Expansion | baseline | 2.8 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Mobility in AS | Chest Expansion | 16 weeks | 3.3 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.2 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Chest Expansion | baseline | 3.6 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Chest Expansion | 16 weeks | 4.3 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
p-value: 0.978Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.169Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.002Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.993Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.105Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.335Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Chin-coronoid Distance
lateral rotation of the head (chin-coronoid distance) was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better lateral rotation mobility. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Chin-coronoid Distance | baseline | 9.9 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Chin-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 10.0 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2.5 |
| Mobility in AS | Chin-coronoid Distance | baseline | 14.2 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 5.6 |
| Mobility in AS | Chin-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 9.5 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2.3 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Chin-coronoid Distance | baseline | 10.9 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 3.6 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Chin-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 9.2 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.35Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.997Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.97Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.999Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Finger Floor Distance
Distance between third finger of the hand and the floor while in lumbar flexion. It was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better torso flexion mobility. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Finger Floor Distance | baseline | 27.6 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 13.3 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Finger Floor Distance | 16 weeks | 29.5 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 13.6 |
| Mobility in AS | Finger Floor Distance | baseline | 27.1 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 13.7 |
| Mobility in AS | Finger Floor Distance | 16 weeks | 24.2 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 13.3 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Finger Floor Distance | baseline | 23.7 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 12 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Finger Floor Distance | 16 weeks | 20.3 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 11.8 |
p-value: 0.787Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.408Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.157Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.835Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.256Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.935Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
MASES
Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES) score varying from 0 to 13. Where 0 is no painful point reported and 13 is all tender points reported as painful. Data are expressed by means and standard deviation
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | MASES | baseline | 0.7 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | MASES | 16 weeks | 1.3 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility in AS | MASES | baseline | 1.5 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 3.4 |
| Mobility in AS | MASES | 16 weeks | 1.1 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | MASES | baseline | 0.8 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | MASES | 16 weeks | 0.7 Number of painful tender points | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
p-value: 0.8Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.97Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.999Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.929Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.98Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Pain Scale
Pain was evaluated in a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. higher scores means much pain. Data was expressed by means and standard deviation.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Pain Scale | baseline | 1.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.8 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Pain Scale | 16 weeks | 2.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Mobility in AS | Pain Scale | baseline | 2.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility in AS | Pain Scale | 16 weeks | 2.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Pain Scale | baseline | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Pain Scale | 16 weeks | 2.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
p-value: 0.13Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.07Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.97Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.338Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.476Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Short Form-12 (MCS)
Quality of life was analyzed in a mental component score varying from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health). Data are expressed by mean and SD.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Short Form-12 (MCS) | baseline | 51.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.7 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Short Form-12 (MCS) | 16 weeks | 52.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.7 |
| Mobility in AS | Short Form-12 (MCS) | baseline | 45.7 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.6 |
| Mobility in AS | Short Form-12 (MCS) | 16 weeks | 46.0 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.8 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Short Form-12 (MCS) | baseline | 47.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.5 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Short Form-12 (MCS) | 16 weeks | 51.6 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.4 |
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.37Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.618Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.689Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Short Form-12 (PCS)
Quality of life was analyzed in a physical component score varying from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health) scale. Data are expressed by mean and SD.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Short Form-12 (PCS) | baseline | 42.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.4 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Short Form-12 (PCS) | 16 weeks | 41.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.8 |
| Mobility in AS | Short Form-12 (PCS) | baseline | 38.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8 |
| Mobility in AS | Short Form-12 (PCS) | 16 weeks | 40.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.6 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Short Form-12 (PCS) | baseline | 43.9 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.5 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Short Form-12 (PCS) | 16 weeks | 44.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.8 |
p-value: 0.9Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.7Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.999Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.9Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.739Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Stiffness Scale
Stiffness was measured by an VAS varying from 0 to 10. Higher scores means worst stiffness. Data are expressed by mean and SD.
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Stiffness Scale | baseline | 3.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Stiffness Scale | 16 weeks | 4.3 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Mobility in AS | Stiffness Scale | baseline | 3.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Mobility in AS | Stiffness Scale | 16 weeks | 4.2 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Stiffness Scale | baseline | 3.1 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.4 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Stiffness Scale | 16 weeks | 2.8 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
p-value: 0.88Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.99Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 1Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.995Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.985Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Thoracolumbar Mobility
Thoracolumbar rotation Pavelka. Measured with a tape in centimeters. Higher number means better thoracolumbar rotation
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Thoracolumbar Mobility | baseline | 1.9 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Thoracolumbar Mobility | 16 weeks | 1.7 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Mobility in AS | Thoracolumbar Mobility | baseline | 1.4 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Mobility in AS | Thoracolumbar Mobility | 16 weeks | 2.1 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Thoracolumbar Mobility | baseline | 1.6 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Thoracolumbar Mobility | 16 weeks | 2.6 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
p-value: 0.853Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.016Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.889Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.098Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.645Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Tragus-coronoid Distance
lateral flexion of the head (tragus-coronoid distance) was measured with a tape in centimeters. Highest score means better lateral flexion mobility of the head.Data are expressed by means and standard deviation
Time frame: Baseline and 16 Weeks
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Tragus-coronoid Distance | baseline | 9.9 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2.7 |
| Ankylosing Spondylitis Control | Tragus-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 10.1 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2.2 |
| Mobility in AS | Tragus-coronoid Distance | baseline | 12.3 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 4 |
| Mobility in AS | Tragus-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 9.0 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Tragus-coronoid Distance | baseline | 9.7 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 3.3 |
| Mobility Plus Elastic Resistance Exercise in AS | Tragus-coronoid Distance | 16 weeks | 8.8 Centimeters | Standard Deviation 2 |
p-value: 0.997Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.503Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.814Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.643Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.999Mixed Models Analysis