Oral Intake Reduced
Conditions
Keywords
Eating speed, energy intake
Brief summary
It was hypothesized that eating a meal slowly would lead to a lower meal energy intake and lesser feelings of hunger and desire to eat and higher levels of fullness after the meal compared to eating the same meal more quickly.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSlow eating condition
The subjects were asked to eat their meal slowly during the slow eating condition
BEHAVIORALFast eating condition
The subjects were asked to eat their meal quickly during the fast eating condition
Sponsors
Texas Christian University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Men and women ages 19-65 years.
Exclusion criteria
* Severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2), * dieting, * taking medications that affect appetite, * participating in \> 150 min/wk of vigorous physical activity, * smoking, * drinking heavily (men: \> 14 alcoholic drinks/wk; women: \> 7 alcoholic drinks/wk), * self-reported disordered eating, * depression, * type 1 or 2 diabetes, * adrenal disease, or * untreated thyroid disease.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Meal energy intake | Day 1 |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Hunger questionnaire | 0 and 60 min after the meal began |
| Fullness questionnaire | 0 and 60 min after the meal began |
| Desire to eat questionnaire | 0 and 60 min after the meal began |
| Thirst questionnaire | 0 and 60 min after the meal began |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed