Eating Behaviour, Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
Satiety,, satiation,, anticipation,, food intake
Brief summary
The regulation of our food intake is on the short-term guided by appetite and satiety signals generated by the sight and consumption of food. Food intake is not only regulated by appetite and satiety signals - external cues also play an important role. It has been observed that food intake and the pleasure derived from consumption is affected by manipulation of the external cues. The investigators will assess the contribution of food anticipation (calorie information) and actual consumption of a test food (calorie intake) on in satiety responses (such as ghrelin responses, appetite and subsequent food intake). The investigators expect the information on the amount of calories, rather than the actual amount of calories in the food, to predict the ghrelin responses and the subsequent intake of a second meal.
Detailed description
In a randomized cross-over design with 4 conditions, all participants will consume twice the low-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) and twice the high-caloric food (again, once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information) in a randomized order.
Interventions
all participants consumed twice the low-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information)
all participants consumed twice the high-caloric food (once with the low-calorie information and once with the high-calorie information)
Sponsors
Study design
Eligibility
Inclusion criteria
* female * healthy * being used to eat breakfast regularly (≥ 5 times a week).
Exclusion criteria
* hypersensitivity for the ingredients of the foods under study; * lack of appetite; following an energy-restricted diet or change in body weight \> 5 kg; or * being a vegan or vegetarian. Participants reported not using products that are artificially sweetened, nor sugar in coffee and/or tea.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Food intake | 60 min (Ad libitum test meal after 1 hr) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Serum concentrations total ghrelin | 60 min (4 samples - every 20 min) |
Other
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| appetite ratings | 80 min (5 samples - every 20 min) |
| Serum cortisol concentrations | 60 min (4 samples - every 20 min) |
Countries
Sweden