Dietary Habits
Conditions
Keywords
adequacy, diet, pregnancy
Brief summary
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress participate in endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the causes of preeclampsia. Among the human antioxidant mechanisms there are the enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our aim was to measure NF-κB and oxidative stress in pregnant women submitted to an individualized diet during pregnancy.
Detailed description
Obesity during pregnancy is associated with exaggerated metabolic adaptation, endothelial dysfunction and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality characterized by increased blood pressure, proteinuria and edema, which affects approximately 3% to 7% of all pregnant women. Other risk factors, besides obesity, that increase the likelihood of developing preeclampsia include chronic hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) \[superoxide anions (•O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH)\],5 interact with proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and in a process called lipid peroxidation (LPO), can cause severe cell and tissue damage. There is current evidence that ROS are common activators of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a factor that initiates a systemic inflammatory process by promoting the synthesis of cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1). To maintain balance of the oxidative state, the human body possesses intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems, including superoxide dismutase (SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT), which is located mainly in peroxisomes and cytoplasm of the cell. The epidemiology of preeclampsia, which is more common among poor women, had previously suggested that nutrients may be involved in the disorder, unfortunately, the nutritional data obtained from women with the syndrome has been poorly defined. The objective of this paper was to provide an overview of the biological plausibility and potential mechanisms underlying associations among maternal nutrition, oxidative stress in placenta and the risk of preeclampsia.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALHealthy Eating Index (HEI) in supervised pregnancies
Dietetic treatment was calculated according to height, weeks of gestation and weight, considering an energy intake of 30 kcal/kg of expected weight, distributing the resulting energy according to the percentage of macronutrients' adequation (55-65% carbohydrates, 10-20% fat and the remainder as proteins).16 On each nutritional visit, 24 hour dietary recall was done and analyzed using NutriKcal®VO software in order to evaluate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which is commonly employed to assess pregnant women's dietary adequacy (on a scale from 0-100), through the consumption of 12 components of food groups described previously. An improvement in diet was considered when the initial HEI score improved more than one point during the next nutritional assessment.
Sponsors
National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico
Secretariat of Public Education (SEP)
Materno-Perinatal Hospital of the State of Mexico
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 36 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Women in their first trimester of pregnancy
Exclusion criteria
* multiple pregnancies * prior history of chronic-metabolic diseases
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Placental expression of NF-κB | two years | measure of gene expression by real time PCR |
Countries
Mexico
Outcome results
None listed