Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin, Recurrent Skin Cancer
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to learn about the effect of vismodegib on sporadic basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) prior to surgical removal.
Detailed description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. The percent reduction in surgical defect area/size surrounding BCC tumor pre and post-vismodegib. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Recurrence rate post treatment II. Safety, tolerability and percent drop-out after 3 vs. 6 months of vismodegib in otherwise healthy patients. OUTLINE: Patients receive vismodegib orally (PO) once daily (QD) for up to 3 months if the initial BCC size is \< 2 cm and superficial or for up to 6 months if the initial BCC size is \>= 2 cm or non-superficial. After completion of vismodegib treatment, patients undergo Mohs surgery. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for an average of 24 months.
Interventions
DRUGvismodegib
Given PO
PROCEDUREMohs surgery
Undergo Mohs surgery
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Stanford University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Study patients must have at least one BCC, \> 5 mm, eligible for Mohs surgical removal; patients with BCCs that have been treated before (recurrent BCCs, BCCs that failed other chemotherapy) are eligible for this trial, if they meet size criteria * No Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or Karnofsky performance status will be employed * Normal hepatic function: aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 2 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) * Normal renal function : normal serum creatinine defined as \<= 2.5 mg/dL * Clinically acceptable complete blood count (CBC) * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document * The patient is willing to forego surgical treatment of BCCs by up to 6 months, except when the principal investigator (PI) believes that delay in treatment potentially might compromise the health of the subject * Documented negative serum pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential, with agreement to the use of two acceptable methods of contraception during the study and for 7 months after discontinuation of vismodegib * For men with female partners of childbearing potential, agreement to use a latex, non-latex, or any other male condom and to advise their female partners to use an additional acceptable method of birth control during the study and for 2 months after discontinuation of study drug * Be willing to not donate blood or semen for three months following discontinuation of study medications
Exclusion criteria
* The patient has a history of invasive cancer within the past five years excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, stage I cervical cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) stage 0 * The subject has uncontrolled systemic disease, including known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients: * The patient has history of congestive heart failure * The patient has clinically important history of liver disease, including viral or hepatitis, current alcohol abuse, or cirrhosis * The patient has any condition or situation which in the investigator's opinion may put the patient at significant risk, could confound the study results, or could interfere significantly with the subject's participation in the study; this includes history of other skin conditions or disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates use of an investigational drug or that might affect interpretation of the results of the study or render the patient at high risk from treatment complications * The patient has a history of hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in the study medication formulations * The patient is willing to abstain from application of non-study topical medications to the skin for the duration of the study, including prescription and over the counter preparations; for example, topical preparations containing corticosteroids or vitamin A derivatives are not allowed * Pregnant or nursing patients will be excluded from the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percent Change in Surgical Defect Area After the Treatment Period Using Calipers and Photographs Was Calculated | average of 4 months | At baseline, we selected 1 to 2 tumors per patient for surgery (13 target tumors selected). At baseline,1 Mohs surgeon measured the estimated surgical defect area around the target tumor. For tumors to be excised by Mohs we defined estimated surgical defect as the tumor size plus a 2-mm circumferential margin, presuming tumor clearance after a Mohs stage-1 excision. For the tumor undergoing standard (non-Mohs) excision, we used tumor size plus a standard 4-mm margin11 for the estimated surgical defect. On the day of the surgery, we measured the surgical defect area as the final tumor-free defect after the Mohs procedure or non-Mohs excision immediately before closure. We used the Image J software program (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate tumor area (cm2). Only target tumors are included in this analysis. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Tumors Demonstrating Histologic Cure | Average of 4 months | Determination of histologic cure (no residual BCC on the first piece of excised tissue) post serial sectioning of paraffin embedded Mohs specimens |
| Tumor Recurrence Rate of Treated BCCs | average of 22 months | Recurrence rate of BCCs during a 22 month average (range 12 to 28 months) follow up period. |
| Tumor Size Measurements Before and After Short Term Vismodegib Treatment | 4 months (average) | We measured the length and width of all tumors (target and non-target) before and after vismodegib treatment. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Patients had 1 to 2 target BCCs identified at baseline for surgical excision. n = 13 target lesions n = 30 non-target lesions
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) Patients receive vismodegib PO daily for 3-6 months based on the size of basal cell carcinoma and then undergo Mohs surgery.
vismodegib: Given PO
Mohs surgery: Undergo Mohs surgery | 11 |
| Total | 11 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 2 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 11 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 11 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 14 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 3 / 15 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percent Change in Surgical Defect Area After the Treatment Period Using Calipers and Photographs Was Calculated
At baseline, we selected 1 to 2 tumors per patient for surgery (13 target tumors selected). At baseline,1 Mohs surgeon measured the estimated surgical defect area around the target tumor. For tumors to be excised by Mohs we defined estimated surgical defect as the tumor size plus a 2-mm circumferential margin, presuming tumor clearance after a Mohs stage-1 excision. For the tumor undergoing standard (non-Mohs) excision, we used tumor size plus a standard 4-mm margin11 for the estimated surgical defect. On the day of the surgery, we measured the surgical defect area as the final tumor-free defect after the Mohs procedure or non-Mohs excision immediately before closure. We used the Image J software program (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) to calculate tumor area (cm2). Only target tumors are included in this analysis.
Time frame: average of 4 months
Population: Only patients who were treated with vismodegib for an average of 4 months were included in our analysis. Only target tumors are included in this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) | Percent Change in Surgical Defect Area After the Treatment Period Using Calipers and Photographs Was Calculated | -26.8 percentage size change from baseline |
Secondary
Number of Tumors Demonstrating Histologic Cure
Determination of histologic cure (no residual BCC on the first piece of excised tissue) post serial sectioning of paraffin embedded Mohs specimens
Time frame: Average of 4 months
Population: Patients each had 1 to 2 target BCCs identified at baseline for surgical excision and were treated with vismodegib for an average of 4 months. Only target lesions are included in this analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_UNITS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) | Number of Tumors Demonstrating Histologic Cure | 6 BCCs |
Secondary
Tumor Recurrence Rate of Treated BCCs
Recurrence rate of BCCs during a 22 month average (range 12 to 28 months) follow up period.
Time frame: average of 22 months
Population: 11 patients completed the trial and 13 target BCCs were excised.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_UNITS) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) | Tumor Recurrence Rate of Treated BCCs | 1 BCCs |
Secondary
Tumor Size Measurements Before and After Short Term Vismodegib Treatment
We measured the length and width of all tumors (target and non-target) before and after vismodegib treatment.
Time frame: 4 months (average)
Population: 6 of the 11 patients who completed the study had multiple BCCs. We followed 13 target BCCs and 30 non-target BCCs for potential tumor size change from these patients.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment (Vismodegib and Mohs Surgery) | Tumor Size Measurements Before and After Short Term Vismodegib Treatment | -40 percentage change in tumor size |