Chronic Diseases
Conditions
Keywords
Secondhand smoke exposure, Smoke-free homes, Smoke-free home bans
Brief summary
The burden of tobacco use falls disproportionately on low-income populations, through high rates of primary smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. The remarkable progress in creating smoke-free environments in the U.S. over the past two decades has left smoker's homes as one of the primary sources of exposure to secondhand smoke for both children and nonsmoking adults. Intervention research that identifies effective and practical strategies for reaching the minority of households that still allow smoking in the home has considerable potential to reduce smoke exposure, but suitable channels to reach low-income families are limited. The proposed research will develop, evaluate and disseminate a brief smoke-free homes intervention through the established national infrastructure of 2-1-1 call centers. 2-1-1 is a nationally designated 3-digit telephone exchange, similar to 9-1-1 for emergencies or 4-1-1 for directory assistance, that links callers to community-based health and social services. The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) Conduct formative research on intervention messages and materials for promoting smoke-free homes in low-income populations, applicable to both smokers and nonsmokers as household change agents; 2) Conduct a randomized controlled trial in the Atlanta 2-1-1 service area to evaluate the efficacy of a brief intervention to create smoke-free homes among 2-1-1 callers; 3) Conduct replication studies in Houston and North Carolina 2-1-1 systems to systematically test the intervention in varied populations and tobacco control climates, and 4) Disseminate the research-tested smoke-free homes intervention through a variety of mechanisms including a national grants program to 2-1-1 systems and through the Tobacco Technical Assistance Consortium's linkages to the state and local tobacco control infrastructure in the U.S.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEducational print materials and a coaching call
Intervention group participants receive three sets of mailed educational materials about making their home smoke-free and one coaching call.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Washington University School of Medicine
Emory University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Must be 18 years of age or older. * Must speak and understand English. * Must smoke and live with at least one other non-smoking person OR be a non-smoker who lives with a smoker(s). * Must not have a total smoking ban in their home.
Exclusion criteria
* None
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Presence of a total home smoking ban | Change from baseline in reported total home smoking bans at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Weekly secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers | Change from baseline in reported secondhand smoke exposure for non-smokers at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
| Cessation attempts (for smokers) | Change from baseline in reported cessation attempts (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
| Number of cigarettes smokes (for smokers) | Change from baseline in reported number of cigarettes smoked (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
| Stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) | Change from baseline in stage of change to quit smoking (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
| Successful cessation (for smokers) | Change from baseline in successful cessation (for smokers) at 3-month and 6-month follow-up |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed