Healthy
Conditions
Keywords
Infrared LED, Treadmill Training, Strength Muscle, Fatigue Muscle, Aerobic Capacity, Cellulite, Osteoporosis
Brief summary
The investigators hypothesis is that the infrared-LED illumination during treadmill training can enhance physical performance in postmenopausal women. The basis for such a hypothesis is based on the fact that the light therapy during the intense metabolic stage caused by exercise may be more efficient.
Detailed description
Phototherapy improves cellular activation via absorption of photons by chromophores present in the protein components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain - mainly NADH dehydrogenases and cytochrome C oxidase, which leads to increased electron transport, production of ATP, and tissue regeneration (skin, muscle, bone, and nerves). Moreover, phototherapy stimulates the anti-inflammatory effect with analgesia and vasodilatation. Regarding body aesthetics, phototherapy increases microcirculation, lymphatic drainage, as well as collagen synthesis for the treatment of cellulite. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a new clinical procedure: infrared radiation originated from LEDs associated with treadmill training in postmenopausal women. LED arrays were developed for an irradiation of a large area, such as hip and quadriceps muscles, main actuators during stance and swing phases. These body parts are furthermore areas where there is incidence of osteoporosis, mainly at the femur, localized fat deposits, and cellulite. Infrared radiation (850 nm) was selected because this spectral range shows better skin penetration compared to red interval.
Interventions
DEVICEPhoton stimulation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
Treadmill training with the application of the phototherapy was performed twice a week for 6 months, each session lasting 45 min at intensities between 85% and 90% maximal heart rate. The average power and power density on the skin were 100 mW and 39 mW/cm2, respectively. The treatment time was 45 min bilaterally in both thighs. These parameters led to an approximate fluence of 108 J/cm2.
OTHERTreadmill training
Treadmill training without the application of the phototherapy was performed twice a week for 6 months, each session lasting 45 min at intensities between 85% and 90% maximal heart rate
Sponsors
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
University of Sao Paulo
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
50 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Postmenopausal women * Caucasian * 50 and 60 years of age * Healthy
Exclusion criteria
* Neurological disease * Inflammatory disease * Pulmonary disease * Oncological disease * Cardiac disease * Endocrinopathy * Musculotendinous or articular injuries * Hormone replacement therapy or osteoporosis drugs * Cigarette smoking
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of Infrared-LED Illumination Associated with Treadmill Training | 12 months | Quantitative and qualitative evaluations |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Isokinetic concentric exercise testing | Baseline, 6 months and 12 months | Peak torque, power, work, and fatigue of the dominant quadriceps were measured using the isokinetic dynamometer |
| Biochemical tests | Baseline and 6 months | Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, insulin and glucose |
| Quality of life | Baseline and 6 months | Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and Women´s Health Questionnaire (WHQ) |
| Maximal exercise testing | Baseline and 6 months | Progressive aerobic exercise testing on treadmill (Modified Bruce Protocol) |
| Exercise tolerance and heart rate variability | Baseline and 6 months | Submaximal constant-speed testing and heart rate variability via autonomic reflex testing |
| Bone mineral density | Baseline and 12 months | Bone mineral density (femoral neck, wrist, and lumbar spine) via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) |
| Thermography | Baseline | Cutaneous temperature measurements |
| Dietary habits | Baseline and 6 months | 3-day dietary record |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed