Study of CB-183,315 in Participants With Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (MK-4261-005)

A clinical outcome of cure at EOT was determined by resolution of diarrhea, defined as ≤ 2 loose stools per 24-hour period for at least 2 consecutive days and the lack of need for additional antibiotics to treat the current CDAD episode after completion of the study treatment period. Participants requiring a collection device were considered to have resolution of diarrhea when the volume of stool (over a 24-hour period) was decreased by 75% as compared to baseline or the participant was no longer passing liquid stool. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using Mehrotra-Railkar continuity-corrected minimum risk (MRc) stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to 13 days

Population: The population analyzed is the Microbiological Modified Intent-To-Treat (mMITT) population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized.

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. AEs may be new events or may be pre-existing conditions that have become aggravated or have worsened in severity or frequency; or may be clinically significant changes from baseline in physical examination, laboratory tests, or other diagnostic investigation (e.g. laboratory results, x-ray findings).

Time frame: Up to Day 13

Population: All randomized participants who received any amount of study drug

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not related to the medicinal product. AEs may be new events or may be pre-existing conditions that have become aggravated or have worsened in severity or frequency; or may be clinically significant changes from baseline in physical examination, laboratory tests, or other diagnostic investigation (e.g. laboratory results, x-ray findings).

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: All randomized participants who received any amount of study drug

A SAE is any adverse experience occurring at any dose that results in any of the following outcomes: death; a life-threatening experience, referring to a situation in which the participant was at risk of death at the time of the event, requires in-patient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity; is a congenital anomaly or birth defect; or is considered to be an important medical event.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: All randomized participants who received any amount of study drug

Sustained clinical response at the end of study was achieved by participants who had a clinical outcome of cure at the end of treatment (Days 40-50) and did not experience a recurrence of CDAD, did not die, were not lost to follow-up, and did not have end of study visit prior to Day 40. Only the first failure event per participant was counted. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: The Per Protocol 2 (PP2) population composed of cures and failures from the PP1 population. Additionally, to be included in the PP2 population, PP1 participants who were cured at end of treatment must not have had any protocol deviations which could affect the assessment of recurrence and have had follow-up contact through at least Day 40.

Clinical response corresponded to a clinical outcome of cure at the end of treatment, and was achieved by participants who did not fail treatment, did not die, or were not lost to follow-up at the end of treatment. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 13

Population: The population analyzed is the Per Protocol 1 (PP1) population composed of participants from the mMITT population, according to the actual treatment they received; without any protocol deviations from enrollment through 2 days after end of treatment, which could affect the efficacy conclusions.

Clinical response corresponded to a clinical outcome of cure at the end of treatment, and was achieved by participants with infections deemed to be caused by the C. difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain at baseline, who did not fail treatment, did not die, or were not lost to follow-up at the end of treatment. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 13

Population: Randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized; and with infections deemed to be caused by the C. difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain at baseline.

Sustained clinical response at the end of study was achieved by participants with infections deemed to be caused by the C. difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain at baseline, who had a clinical outcome of cure at the end of treatment (Day 13) and did not experience a recurrence of CDAD, did not die, were not lost to follow-up, and did not have end of study visit prior to Day 40. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: All randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized; and with infections deemed to be caused by the C. difficile BI/NAP1/027 strain at baseline

Participants with recurrences were defined as those who were cured at the end of therapy and had a recurrence or were lost to follow-up, died or had a Day 40 -50 contact prior to Day 40. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized.

Sustained clinical response at Day 24 was defined as participants who had a clinical outcome of cure at Day 24, who did not experience a recurrence of CDAD, did not die, were not lost to follow-up. Only the first failure event was counted per participant. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Day 24

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized.

Sustained clinical response at the end of study was achieved by participants who had a clinical outcome of cure at the end of treatment (Days 40-50) and did not experience a recurrence of CDAD, did not die, were not lost to follow-up, and did not have end of study visit prior to Day 40. The estimated adjusted percentage was a weighted average across all strata, constructed using MRc stratum weights.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized.

Clinical response over time as measured by those without treatment failure, recurrence, death, or lost to follow-up, measured as the number of participants without failure events (survivors) through the end of therapy (reported for Day 14) and from end of therapy to Day 40 (reported for Day 41).

Time frame: Up to Day 41

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized

Time to reappearance of diarrhea with \>= 3 UBM per 24-hour period was calculated as the last date/time of study drug dose to the date/time of first reappearance of 3 or more UBMs among participants who were cured at end of treatment.

Time frame: Up to Day 50

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized; and were cured at end of treatment.

Time to resolution of diarrhea with =\< 2 unformed bowel movements (UBM) per 24-hour period was calculated as the date/time of last UBM minus the date/time of the first dose of study drug.

Time frame: Up to Day 13

Population: The mMITT population consisting of all randomized participants who had a confirmed diagnosis of CDAD regardless of whether they received any amount of study drug, based on the treatment to which they were randomized