Cigarette Smoking
Conditions
Keywords
smoking, exercise, heat tolerance, heat stroke
Brief summary
To the best of our knowledge, a possible relation between smoking and heat injuries or heat intolerance was never scientifically examined, although such a relation is logical according to the observations that smoking has a thermogenic effect, decreases physical fitness and affects the body's heat dissipation.16 healthy young male volunteers will participate in the study, 8 smokers and 8 non-smokers. They will arrive to our lab four or six times. They will perform VO2 test and heat tolerance test (HTT) in different conditions.
Detailed description
16 healthy young male volunteers will participate in the study, 8 smokers and 8 non-smokers. They will arrive to our lab four or five times. During their first visit they will go through a VO2 max test in order to evaluate their aerobic fitness, and their physiological efficiency. During their second visit all subjects will go through the same test after exposure to nicotine. During the smokers' third visit they will go through the same test, after exposure to cigarette smoking. During the non-smokers third visit and the smokers fourth visit - they will go through an exercise heat tolerance test without prior smoking. During the fifth visit the smokers will go through an exercise heat tolerance test after exposure to cigarette smoking. During the smokers' sixth visit and the non-smokers fourth visit they will go through an HTT after exposure to nicotine.
Interventions
DRUGNicotine
both groups will be given nicotine lozenges before a VO2 test and a HTT.
OTHERcigarette smoking
the smokers will smoke 2 cigarettes before a VO2 exam and a HTT.
Sponsors
International Diabetes Federation
Sheba Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 30 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* age 18-30 * healthy * after medical checkup * after signing concent form * for the smokers: smoking 0.5-1.5 packs of cigarettes a day at least 2 years.
Exclusion criteria
* heart disease * respiratory disease * baseline bp above 140/90 mmHg * diabetes * anhydrosis * skin disease * acute illness * detoxification from nicotine * allergy to nicotine * smoking other then specified in the inclusion criteria
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| VO2max | 2-3 days | volunteer's oxygen consumption (VO2) will be monitored continuously with a metabolic chart (ZAN), while running for 10 min on a treadmill under comfortable environmental conditions. |
| Heat tolerance | 2-3 days | The test is performed in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40oC and 40% relative humidity. During the test, the subject walks on a treadmill at a speed of 5 km/hr at a 2% grade for 2h. Body core temperature and heart rate are continuously monitored, and sweat rate is computed from body weight prior to and after the test, corrected for fluid intake. Heat intolerance is determined when body core temperature elevates above 38.5oC, when heart rate elevates above 150 bpm, or when either does not tend to reach a plateau. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rectal temperature | experimental days 4,5,6 | The volunteers will undergo heat tolerance test. Their rectal temperature will be measured by rectal thermistor and will be monitored continuously and viewed by the attending medical staff. Automatically all data will be recorded by the monitoring Biopac system |
| Heart rate | experimental days 4,5,6 | During the HTT and the VO2 test heart rates will be monitored continuously and will be stored by a heart rate wristwatch, (POLAR, Finland). |
Countries
Israel
Outcome results
None listed