Galectin 3 Dosage in Diagnosis of Nodular and Multinodular Goiter

Goiter, Nodular

Diagnosis, Galectin 3, Puncture, Goiter, nodular, Surgery

The investigators will dose galectin 3 in plasma and water rinse of the needle aspiration biopsy in patients with thyroid nodules. The investigators aim to show that preoperative dosage of the galectin 3 could provide good diagnosis of malignant versus benign thyroid cancer.

Endogenous cell-surface galectins have recently gained interest as antigenic determinants of varied tumor tissue. They are also used as potential targets for antitumor therapy by coupling cytotoxic molecules or radioisotopes either with carbohydrate residues, or with antibodies antigalectines. In addition, the plasma level dosage of galectin 3 seems possible and provides a diagnostic help in thyroid lesions and in monitoring squamous cell head and neck. In a study on thyroid tumors, the sensitivity \[Se\] and specificity \[Sp\] of the plasma level was poor (just over 70%), but this study was conducted with a low and heterogeneous recruitment (70 patients). The inclusion of a greater number of patients with a better selection would better inform us about qualities of these diagnostic assays. An additional argument would be the dosage of galectins in the water rinse of the needle aspiration biopsy. This study has never been made so far and there is no evidence to predict its sensitivity and specificity. The advantage is that galectin will not be diluted as would be the case in an assay done in the blood. Moreover, it would select candidates for dosage nodules, ie those whose size would impose, if it was a cancer, to resort to surgical treatment more extensive than originally planned. Indeed, compared to preoperative already existing metering interesting dosage would diagnose: * with a good reliability (Se and Sp \> 80%) * a cancer requiring additional treatment (i.e. surgical revision to achieve a total thyroidectomy, accompanied by lymph node dissection) resulting in a higher risk of morbidity if reoperation. The investigators therefore believe that preoperative galectin 3 dosage in plasma or in the puncture water rinse could have strong arguments pointing to a neoplastic to a full initial gesture in a single surgical step, a gesture much less risky and expensive. In this study, patients benefit from routine monitoring of thyroid nodules according to current recommendations. For surgical patients only, the information about the intervention will be collected to know the final histological diagnosis. Galectin 3 will be measured preoperatively in : * plasma * water rinse of FNA. The diagnostic characteristics of the assays, sensitivity and specificity will be established relative to the reference method which is the histological analysis of the specimen (report) asserting the existence of a vesicular lineage tumor, benign (adenoma) or malignant (papillary or follicular).

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