AOD Effects and Consequences
Conditions
Keywords
GABA, glutamate, glutamine, spectroscopy, brain, imaging, alprazolam, dextroamphetamine, placebo
Brief summary
An advanced technique for rapid magnetic resonance proton spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) will be employed in a drug challenge study in healthy volunteers to spatially map and measure acute changes in the brain chemicals GABA, glutamate and glutamine after administration of a drug. Three condition will be tested in a double-blind fashion, i)depressant, ii)stimulant, iii)placebo. It is hypothesized that unique and reproducible spatial and directional metabolic response patterns will be observed, unique to each condition within the brain.
Detailed description
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is a powerful tool for assessing neurochemistry non-invasively in vivo. However, the primary shortcoming in most studies is the lack of spatial coverage afforded by the typical single-voxel design. Limits on participant tolerance and financial resources restrict single-voxel studies to an examination of one or two carefully chosen voxels per scan, thus inadequately addressing the question of focal vs. global pathophysiology. A secondary shortcoming is that most studies report on either GABA or glutamate-glutamine (Glu-Gln) due to the technically demanding spectral-editing techniques that must be implemented in order to resolve and quantify those metabolites with any accuracy. 1H MRS imaging (MRSI) can partially overcome these limitations by providing a global picture of brain chemistry rather than just the focal snapshot afforded by the single-voxel design. However, the scan time necessary for collecting enough data for adequate spatial resolution and signal-to-noise, particularly if also using specialized spectral-editing techniques, is still too lengthy. We recently developed a method that combines Spectroscopic Imaging with the MEGAPRESS-based difference-editing acquisition for optimal GABA detection as well as for optimal detection of Glu and Gln. This MEGACSI sequence will permit us to obtain the maximum amount of neurochemical information in a clinically sound scan time, while using the current state-of-the-art MRS editing methods for optimal detection of GABA, Glu, and Gln.
Interventions
DRUGAlprazolam
Alprazolam, gel-capsule, 1mg, single-dose, 1-day
Dextroamphetamine, gel-capsule, 20mg, single-dose, 1-day
OTHERPlacebo
Placebo, gel-capsule, single-dose, 1-day
Sponsors
Mclean Hospital
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
21 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants will be male volunteers between the ages of 21-45 * Non-smoking participants are preferred, but will admit those who smoke less than 5 cigarettes per day * Participants must be able to read screening materials including consent form and give informed consent
Exclusion criteria
* Participants cannot meet DSM-IV criteria for lifetime and/or current mood, anxiety, psychotic, and alcohol/drug use disorders as identified by the SCID * Participants cannot be taking any prescription medication (except oral contraceptives, certain short-term anti-fungal agents, and some topical creams for dermal conditions) or nutritional supplements * Participants cannot be taking any psychotropic medications * Participants cannot have a history of major head trauma resulting in cognitive impairment, seizure, or other neurological disorders. * Participants cannot have any conditions that are contraindicated for MRI * Participants cannot have a family history of alcoholism * Participants cannot have any abnormal blood chemistries/urinalysis results or any other medical condition that may affect drug disposition (e.g., Hepatitis C) * Participants cannot have current or past cardiac problems, and they also cannot have a family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia * Participants who, in the investigators' judgment, will not likely be able to comply with the study protocol. * Participants cannot have any clinically significant findings in the structural anatomic brain scans (per the MRI report read by a board-certified radiologist).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
| Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose) | The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| All Study Participants Healthy male volunteers receiving drug and undergoing 1H-MRSI scanning
Alprazolam: Alprazolam, gel-capsule, 1mg, single-dose, 1-day
Dextroamphetamine: Dextroamphetamine, gel-capsule, 20mg, single-dose, 1-day | 7 |
| Total | 7 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | All Study Participants |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 7 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 28.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.6 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 7 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 7 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 7 | 0 / 7 | 0 / 7 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 7 | 0 / 7 | 0 / 7 |
Outcome results
Primary
Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -2.91 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 2.11 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 15.59 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -0.58 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 2.66 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 5.10 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | -4.57 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 43.17 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 6.57 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 44.26 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 43.09 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 3.53 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 17.06 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 14.68 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 13.40 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 22.34 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 5.28 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 20.19 percent change |
Primary
Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
Population: One participant is missing GABA level at t4 while on Placebo, and one participant is missing GABA level at t2 while on Alprazolam.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -10.24 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -13.82 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | -8.77 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -10.55 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 3.83 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | -2.03 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 19.68 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 4.38 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 14.55 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 32.81 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 13.44 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 58.49 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 1.34 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 18.24 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | -20.20 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -6.70 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 6.36 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 7.53 percent change |
Primary
Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -6.80 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -2.63 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 10.01 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 4.47 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | -6.32 percent change |
| Placebo | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 15.44 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 10.79 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 23.57 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 12.72 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | -2.10 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 39.29 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 23.30 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 8.26 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 13.63 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 24.16 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 17.75 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -12.51 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Left Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 5.45 percent change |
Primary
Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 6.09 percent change |
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -1.60 percent change |
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 24.54 percent change |
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 2.15 percent change |
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 21.76 percent change |
| Placebo | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 33.46 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 18.83 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -0.51 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 4.64 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 10.78 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 1.90 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 21.95 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -10.29 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 22.35 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 7.97 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -17.33 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 39.69 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Parieto-Occipital: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 36.38 percent change |
Primary
Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
Population: One participant is missing GABA level at t4 while on Dextroamphetamine.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | -1.53 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 10.15 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -9.88 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -3.97 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 18.63 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 11.46 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 17.08 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -9.44 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 3.03 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 33.58 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | -0.82 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 35.96 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 37.92 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | -5.96 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 38.78 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 14.20 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 21.02 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Basal-Ganglia: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 67.41 percent change |
Primary
Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
Population: One participant is missing GABA level at t4 while on Dextroamphetamine. Another participant is missing GABA levels both at t2 and t4 while on Dextroamphetamine. Another participant is missing GABA levels at both t2 and t4 while on Alprazolam.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 48.95 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 14.93 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -13.91 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 26.78 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 21.26 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 10.85 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 24.29 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -1.45 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 31.06 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -4.86 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 23.34 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 19.53 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | -23.17 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 31.58 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 70.88 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 30.23 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 2.09 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Temporal: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 18.52 percent change |
Primary
Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge
The primary goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of an advanced spectroscopic imaging protocol in detecting changes in the levels of brain GABA in response to an acute drug challenge. GABA levels are expressed as a ratio to total creatinine: GABA/Cr percent change = 100\*(later timepoint - earlier timepoint) / earlier timepoint
Time frame: from 45 minutes post-dose to 102 minutes post-dose in 19-minute intervals (4 time points at t1: 45, t2: 64, t3: 83, t4: 102 minutes post-dose)
Population: One participant ismissing GABA level at t4 while on Dextroamphetamine
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 12.69 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 6.55 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 7.26 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 8.39 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | -7.13 percent change |
| Placebo | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 2.87 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | -1.78 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 12.12 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 4.54 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 16.51 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | 2.72 percent change |
| Alprazolam | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 19.20 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t2: 45min-64min | -3.61 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t3: 45min-83min | 14.63 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t3 to t4: 83min-102min | 1.60 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t1 to t4: 45min-102min | 30.23 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t4: 64min-102min | 15.51 percent change |
| Dextroamphetamine | Right Thalamus: Percent Change in GABA Levels After an Acute Drug Challenge | t2 to t3: 64min-83min | 14.95 percent change |