Depressive Disorder, Major
Conditions
Keywords
Drug Therapy
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Lu AA21004, once daily (QD), on cognitive dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder.
Detailed description
Lu AA21004 is under codevelopment by Takeda Global Research & Development Center, Inc. and H. Lundbeck A/S for the treatment of MDD. This study will consist of a screening period within 10 days of the Baseline Visit followed by an 8-week double-blind treatment period and a one-week taper down period.
Interventions
Lu AA21004 capsules
DRUGDuloxetine
Duloxetine capsules
DRUGPlacebo
Placebo matching capsules
Sponsors
Takeda
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. In the opinion of the investigator, the participant is capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements. 2. The participant or, when applicable, the participant's legally acceptable representative signs and dates a written, informed consent form and any required privacy authorization prior to the initiation of any study procedures. 3. The participant has recurrent MDD as the primary diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria (classification code 296.3x). The current MDE should be confirmed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) V6.0.0. 4. The participant has received prescribed treatment for a previous episode of depression. 5. The participant has a MADRS total score ≥26 at both the screening and baseline visits. 6. Participant reports subjective cognitive dysfunction (such as difficulty concentrating, slow thinking, and difficulty in learning new things or remembering things). 7. The reported duration of the current major depressive episode (MDE) is at least 3 months 8. The participant is a man or woman between 18 and 65 years old, inclusive. 9. A female participant of childbearing potential who is sexually active with a nonsterilized male partner agrees to routinely use adequate contraception from signing of the informed consent throughout the duration of the study and for 30 days after completion of the study.
Exclusion criteria
1. The participant has previously participated in this study. 2. The participant has a history of severe drug allergy or hypersensitivity, or known hypersensitivity to any of the excipients of the investigational medicinal product (IMP). 3. The participant has known hypersensitivity to duloxetine. 4. The participant has hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, or sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency. 5. The participant is an immediate family member, study site employee, or is in a dependent relationship with a study site employee who is involved in the conduct of this study (e.g., spouse, parent, child, sibling) or may consent under duress. 6. The participant has a score ≥70 on the DSST (numbers correct) at the Baseline Visit. 7. The participant is, in the opinion of the investigator, not able to complete the neuropsychological tests validly at the Baseline Visit. 8. If female, the participant is pregnant or lactating or intending to become pregnant before, during, or within 30 days after participating in this study; or intending to donate ova during such time period. 9. The participant has 1 or more of the following: 1. Any current psychiatric disorder other than MDD as defined in the DSM-IV-TR (as assessed by the MINI Version 6.0.0). 2. Current or history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pervasive developmental disorder, manic or hypomanic episode, schizophrenia, or any other psychotic disorder, including major depression with psychotic features, mental retardation, organic mental disorders, or mental disorders due to a general medical condition as defined in the DSM-IV-TR. 3. Current diagnosis of alcohol or other substance abuse or dependence (excluding nicotine or caffeine) as defined in the DSM-IV-TR that has not been in sustained full remission for at least 2 years prior to Screening. (Participant must also have negative urine drug screen prior to Baseline). 4. Presence or history of a clinically significant neurological disorder (including epilepsy). 5. Neurodegenerative disorder (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, etc). 6. Any DSM-IV Axis II disorder that might compromise the study. 10. The participant has any other disorder for which the treatment takes priority over treatment of MDD or is likely to interfere with study treatment or impair treatment compliance. 11. The participant has physical, cognitive, or language impairment of such severity as to adversely affect the validity of the data derived from the neuropsychological tests. 12. The participant is diagnosed with reading disability (dyslexia). 13. The participant has a significant risk of suicide according to the investigator's clinical judgment or has a score ≥5 on item 10 (suicidal thoughts) of the MADRS or has made a suicide attempt in the previous 6 months. 14. The participant, in the opinion of the investigator, poses a risk of harm to others. 15. The participant has initiated formal cognitive or behavioral therapy, systemic psychotherapy within less than 6 months of study screening, or has plans to initiate such therapy during the study. 16. The participant has received electroconvulsive therapy, vagal nerve stimulation, or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation within 6 months prior to Screening. 17. The current depressive symptoms are considered by the investigator to have been resistant to 2 adequate antidepressant treatments of at least 6 weeks duration each at the recommended dose. 18. The participant has a history of moderate or severe head trauma (for example, loss of consciousness for more than 1 hour) or other neurological disorders or systemic medical diseases that are, in the opinion of the investigator, likely to affect central nervous system functioning. 19. The participant has a previous history of cancer that had been in remission for less than 5 years prior to the first dose of investigational drug. This criterion does not include those participants with basal cell or stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. 20. The participant has a clinically significant unstable illness, for example, hepatic impairment or renal insufficiency, or cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological, rheumatologic, immunologic, infectious, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, or metabolic disturbance. Note: For the purposes of this protocol, the following conditions are considered unstable due to the potential impact on assessment of MDD response and/or cognitive status: pain disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, and known cases of HIV, HBV, and HCV 21. The participant has a known history of or currently has increased intraocular pressure or is at risk of acute narrow-angle glaucoma. 22. The participant is required to take excluded medications or it is anticipated that the participant will require treatment with at least 1 of the disallowed concomitant medications during the study evaluation period as specified in the Excluded Medications Section. 23. The participant has received any investigational compound \<30 days before Screening or 5 half-lives prior to Screening. 24. The participant has clinically significant abnormal vital signs as determined by the investigator. 25. The subject has thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) outside the normal range at the Screening Visit. Note: If TSH value is outside the normal range, a free T4 will be obtained. Subjects who have elevated TSH but normal T4 (i.e. subclinical hypothyroidism) will be excluded. For subjects who are on thyroid hormone replacement therapy, a lower TSH with normal T4, are eligible to participate in the study only if there are no clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism . 26. The participant has 1 or more laboratory value outside the normal range, based on the blood or urine samples taken at the Screening Visit, that are considered by the investigator to be clinically significant; or the participant has any of the following values at the Screening Visit: 1. A serum creatinine value \>1.5 times the upper limits of normal (×ULN). 2. A total serum total bilirubin value \>1.5×ULN. 3. A serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) value \>2×ULN. 27. The participant has an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) as determined by the central reader and confirmed as clinically significant by the investigator. 28. The participant has a disease or takes medication that, in the opinion of the investigator, could interfere with the assessments of safety, tolerability, or efficacy. 29. The participant, in the opinion of the investigator, is unlikely to comply with the clinical study protocol or is unsuitable for any reason. 30. The participant has been previously exposed to LuAA21004 compound. 31. The participant has a history of lack of response to previous adequate treatment with duloxetine.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) | Baseline and Week 8 | The DSST assesses relative contributions of speed, memory, executive function and visual scanning. Participants are required to copy symbols that are paired with simple geometric shapes or numbers within a specific time for a total possible score of 0 to 133. Higher scores-correct number of symbols reflects greater objective cognitive functioning. An increase in score represents an improvement in an integrated measure of cognitive function. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 8 | Baseline, Week 8 | The CGI-I assesses the clinician's impression of the subject's state of mental illness improvement and consists of one question for the investigator: Compared to his condition at the start of the study, how much has this patient changed? which is rated on a seven-point scale (1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change relative to baseline; 5=minimally worse; 6= much worse; 7=very much worse). Higher scores indicate greater worsening of illness. Values closest to 1 for this outcome measure indicate the greatest improvement of symptoms. A MMRM model was used with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors in the analysis. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test (TMT-A) | Baseline and Week 8 | The TMT is a two-part cognitive test. TMT-A assesses cognitive processing speed and consists of 25 circles distributed over a sheet of paper. Participants have 4 minutes to connect the circles as quickly as possible, without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper. Tester informs participant immediately whenever they make an error and allows for corrections by participants. Lower scores represent better speed of processing. A decrease in score over the study represents an improvement in speed in processing. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the baseline value as a covariate. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) | Baseline and Week 8 | The TMT is a two-part cognitive test. TMT-B assesses executive functioning and consists of 25 circles distributed over a sheet of paper. Participants have 4 minutes to connect the circles as quickly as possible, without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper. Tester informs participant immediately whenever they make an error and allows for corrections by participants. Lower score for TMT-B represents better executive function. A decrease in score over the study represents an improvement in executive function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
| Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Baseline and Week 8 | The STROOP test assesses the ability to inhibit a prepotent response to reading words while performing a task that requires attention control. It comprises of 2 sheets with 50 words each, up to 50 correct responses for each of the congruent and incongruent Stroop tests. Participants have 4 minutes to name the ink color of each word. Lower time to complete the test indicates better performance. Higher number of correct responses indicates better responses. A decrease in the time to complete the tests and an increase in the number of correct responses both indicate improvement over the course of the study. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) | Baseline and Week 8 | The GMLT measures executive functioning and spatial problem solving. Participants learn a hidden pathway through a maze of 10 x 10 grid of tiles on a computer touch screen using step-by-step guess, with trial and error feedback after each step. Once the pathway is learned, participants repeat the same pathway four more times. It usually takes 5-6 minutes to administer this test. Lower score equals better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved executive function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Detection Task (DT) | Baseline and Week 8 | The DT is a computerized test that measures simple reaction time and psychomotor speed. The task requires participants to respond by pressing a yes button as soon as an onscreen playing card is turned over and is red, and by pressing a no button if the card is not red. It takes 2 minutes to be administered. There is no minimum or maximum scores since it is a time-based assessment. Lower score equals better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved speed of processing and psychomotor function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization Subscore | Baseline and Week 8 | PDQ is a patient-rated scale designed to subjectively assess cognitive dysfunction, comprising four 5-item subscales: Attention/Concentration, Retrospective Memory, Prospective Memory, and Planning/Organization for a total possible score of 0 to 40. The subscale Attention/Concentration is the sum of items 1, 5, 9, 13, and 17 with a range of 0-20; while the subscale Planning/Organization is the sum of items 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 with the score range of 0 to 20. The scores of the subscales Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization were summed. Higher scores reflect greater participant-perceived cognitive dysfunction in the domains identified. A decrease in score represents an improvement in subjective cognitive function in the domains identified. A Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) model was used with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors in the analysis. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the One-Back Task | Baseline and Week 8 | The One-Back test measures the cognitive domain of attention and working memory through yes or no responses to 30 trials. The task requires participants to report when a stimulus item presented serially is the same as an item one step back from the item at hand for a total correct responses 0 to 100. It usually takes 2-3 minutes to be administered. Higher scores equal better performance. An increase in score over the course of the study indicates improved attention/working memory. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
| Proportion of Cognitive Dysfunction Improvement Due to Improvement of Depression | Baseline and Week 8 | Improvement of Cognitive Dysfunction is determined using the change from Baseline to Week 8 in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score and the Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) total number of correct symbols. The MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression). The DSST assesses relative contributions of speed, memory, executive function and visual scanning. The proportion of direct effect from treatment = DSST difference / (DSST difference + coefficient\*MADRS difference). |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Baseline, Week 1, Week 4 and Week 8 | MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement. |
| Percentage of Participants With MADRS Response at Week 8 | Baseline and Week 8 | MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. MADRS Response was defined as a ≥50% decrease in MADRS Total Score from Baseline. |
| Percentage of Participants in MADRS Remission at Week 8 | Week 8 | MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. MADRS Remission was defined as a MADRS total score ≤10. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Baseline, Week 1, Week 4 and Week 8 | The CGI-S assesses the clinician's impression of the subject's current state of mental illness and consists of one question for the investigator: Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the patient at this time? which is rated on a seven-point scale (1=normal, not ill at all; 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill). A MMRM model with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors was used for analyses. |
| Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Identification Task (IT) | Baseline and Week 8 | The IT measured choice reaction time: the participant pressed a yes button whenever an onscreen playing card turned face up and was red, or a no button if the card was not red. The IT took on average 2 minutes to complete. Lower scores equal better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved visual attention/vigilance. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate. |
Countries
Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants took part in the study at 80 investigative sites in Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Poland, Russia Federation, Ukraine.and the United States from 09 April 2012 to 05 February 2014
Pre-assignment details
Participants with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder were enrolled equally in 1 of 3 treatment groups, once a day placebo, 10 to 20 mg flexible dose of vortioxetine, or 60 mg duloxetine.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) 10 mg, capsules, orally, once daily for one week; then dose adjustment to a maximum 20 mg, capsules, orally, once daily for up to 7 weeks. | 198 |
| Duloxetine Duloxetine 60 mg, capsules, orally, for up to 8 weeks. Duloxetine 30 mg, capsule, orally, once daily for 1 week taper-down period. | 210 |
| Placebo Placebo matching capsules, orally, once daily for up to 9 weeks (includes 1 week taper down period). | 194 |
| Total | 602 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lack of Efficacy | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 10 | 8 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Major Protocol Deviation | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Overall Study | Other reason(s) | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Pretreatment Event or Adverse Event | 6 | 12 | 6 |
| Overall Study | Voluntary Withdrawal | 9 | 6 | 8 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Duloxetine | Placebo | Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 45.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.46 | 45.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.07 | 44.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.21 | 45.0 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.9 |
| Age, Customized ≤ 55 years | 164 participants | 152 participants | 158 participants | 474 participants |
| Age, Customized > 55 years | 46 participants | 42 participants | 40 participants | 128 participants |
| Alcohol Consumption 2 to 6 Times per Week | 19 participants | 24 participants | 15 participants | 58 participants |
| Alcohol Consumption Daily | 3 participants | 3 participants | 4 participants | 10 participants |
| Alcohol Consumption Never | 84 participants | 87 participants | 89 participants | 260 participants |
| Alcohol Consumption Once a Week | 31 participants | 29 participants | 23 participants | 83 participants |
| Alcohol Consumption Once Monthly or Less Often | 73 participants | 51 participants | 67 participants | 191 participants |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | 28.39 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.312 | 28.27 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.354 | 28.86 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.334 | 28.51 kg/m^2 STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.018 |
| Height | 169.7 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.14 | 169.0 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.43 | 168.2 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.17 | 169.0 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.25 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 participants | 2 participants | 0 participants | 3 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian | 6 participants | 1 participants | 1 participants | 8 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black | 27 participants | 20 participants | 28 participants | 75 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian (or White, including Hispanic) | 176 participants | 171 participants | 169 participants | 516 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic or Latino | 7 participants | 15 participants | 8 participants | 30 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Non-Hispanic and Non- Latino | 104 participants | 82 participants | 90 participants | 276 participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Not-Specified | 99 participants | 97 participants | 100 participants | 296 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 138 Participants | 119 Participants | 135 Participants | 392 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 72 Participants | 75 Participants | 63 Participants | 210 Participants |
| Smoking Classification Current Smoker | 68 participants | 56 participants | 73 participants | 197 participants |
| Smoking Classification Never Smoked | 109 participants | 105 participants | 95 participants | 309 participants |
| Smoking Classification Past Smoker | 33 participants | 33 participants | 30 participants | 96 participants |
| Weight | 81.68 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.965 | 80.96 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.316 | 81.84 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.068 | 81.50 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.099 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 73 / 196 | 84 / 207 | 41 / 191 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 196 | 1 / 207 | 2 / 191 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)
The DSST assesses relative contributions of speed, memory, executive function and visual scanning. Participants are required to copy symbols that are paired with simple geometric shapes or numbers within a specific time for a total possible score of 0 to 133. Higher scores-correct number of symbols reflects greater objective cognitive functioning. An increase in score represents an improvement in an integrated measure of cognitive function. An Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Full Analysis Set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy. Participants with scores of \> 70 at Baseline were excluded.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) | 4.60 Correct symbols | Standard Error 0.53 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) | 4.06 Correct symbols | Standard Error 0.511 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) | 2.85 Correct symbols | Standard Error 0.542 |
p-value: 0.01995% CI: [0.28, 3.21]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.09995% CI: [-0.23, 2.65]ANCOVA
p-value: 0.4695% CI: [-0.89, 1.96]ANCOVA
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score
The CGI-S assesses the clinician's impression of the subject's current state of mental illness and consists of one question for the investigator: Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the patient at this time? which is rated on a seven-point scale (1=normal, not ill at all; 2=borderline mentally ill; 3=mildly ill; 4=moderately ill; 5=markedly ill; 6=severely ill). A MMRM model with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors was used for analyses.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 4 and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy,with data available for analysis. Repeated Measures Analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 4 (n=173,184,165) | -0.951 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0678 |
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 1 (n=174, 187,167) | -0.289 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0426 |
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 8 (n=169,179,161) | -1.546 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0886 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 4 (n=173,184,165) | -1.170 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0656 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 1 (n=174, 187,167) | -0.353 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.041 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 8 (n=169,179,161) | -1.698 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0859 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 1 (n=174, 187,167) | -0.243 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0435 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 8 (n=169,179,161) | -1.225 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0906 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) Score | Change from Baseline at Week 4 (n=173,184,165) | -0.617 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0693 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Detection Task (DT)
The DT is a computerized test that measures simple reaction time and psychomotor speed. The task requires participants to respond by pressing a yes button as soon as an onscreen playing card is turned over and is red, and by pressing a no button if the card is not red. It takes 2 minutes to be administered. There is no minimum or maximum scores since it is a time-based assessment. Lower score equals better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved speed of processing and psychomotor function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Detection Task (DT) | -0.050 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.008 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Detection Task (DT) | -0.039 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0078 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Detection Task (DT) | -0.033 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0082 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT)
The GMLT measures executive functioning and spatial problem solving. Participants learn a hidden pathway through a maze of 10 x 10 grid of tiles on a computer touch screen using step-by-step guess, with trial and error feedback after each step. Once the pathway is learned, participants repeat the same pathway four more times. It usually takes 5-6 minutes to administer this test. Lower score equals better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved executive function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) | -5.43 Errors | Standard Error 1.355 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) | -5.16 Errors | Standard Error 1.314 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Groton Maze Learning Test (GMLT) | -3.49 Errors | Standard Error 1.397 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Identification Task (IT)
The IT measured choice reaction time: the participant pressed a yes button whenever an onscreen playing card turned face up and was red, or a no button if the card was not red. The IT took on average 2 minutes to complete. Lower scores equal better performance. A decrease in score over the course of the study indicates improved visual attention/vigilance. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Identification Task (IT) | -0.037 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.006 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Identification Task (IT) | -0.030 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0059 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Identification Task (IT) | -0.024 Log10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0062 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score
MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 4 and Week 8
Population: Full Analysis Set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy. Last Observation Carried Forward.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 4 | -9.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.85 |
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 1 | -3.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.8 |
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 8 | -14.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.97 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 4 | -11.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.94 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 1 | -4.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.29 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 8 | -15.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.23 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 1 | -3.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.03 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 8 | -12.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.64 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the MADRS Total Score | Change at Week 4 | -8.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.98 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the One-Back Task
The One-Back test measures the cognitive domain of attention and working memory through yes or no responses to 30 trials. The task requires participants to report when a stimulus item presented serially is the same as an item one step back from the item at hand for a total correct responses 0 to 100. It usually takes 2-3 minutes to be administered. Higher scores equal better performance. An increase in score over the course of the study indicates improved attention/working memory. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the One-Back Task | -0.028 Log 10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0062 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the One-Back Task | -0.024 Log 10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.006 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the One-Back Task | -0.022 Log 10 milliseconds | Standard Error 0.0063 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization Subscore
PDQ is a patient-rated scale designed to subjectively assess cognitive dysfunction, comprising four 5-item subscales: Attention/Concentration, Retrospective Memory, Prospective Memory, and Planning/Organization for a total possible score of 0 to 40. The subscale Attention/Concentration is the sum of items 1, 5, 9, 13, and 17 with a range of 0-20; while the subscale Planning/Organization is the sum of items 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 with the score range of 0 to 20. The scores of the subscales Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization were summed. Higher scores reflect greater participant-perceived cognitive dysfunction in the domains identified. A decrease in score represents an improvement in subjective cognitive function in the domains identified. A Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) model was used with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors in the analysis.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy,with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization Subscore | -8.9 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.55 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization Subscore | -9.3 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.53 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) Attention/Concentration and Planning/Organization Subscore | -6.3 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.57 |
p-value: 0.00195% CI: [-4.1, -1]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-4.5, -1.5]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B)
The TMT is a two-part cognitive test. TMT-B assesses executive functioning and consists of 25 circles distributed over a sheet of paper. Participants have 4 minutes to connect the circles as quickly as possible, without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper. Tester informs participant immediately whenever they make an error and allows for corrections by participants. Lower score for TMT-B represents better executive function. A decrease in score over the study represents an improvement in executive function. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) | -18.73 seconds | Standard Error 2.096 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) | -14.60 seconds | Standard Error 2.011 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) | -9.06 seconds | Standard Error 2.101 |
Secondary
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test (TMT-A)
The TMT is a two-part cognitive test. TMT-A assesses cognitive processing speed and consists of 25 circles distributed over a sheet of paper. Participants have 4 minutes to connect the circles as quickly as possible, without lifting the pen or pencil from the paper. Tester informs participant immediately whenever they make an error and allows for corrections by participants. Lower scores represent better speed of processing. A decrease in score over the study represents an improvement in speed in processing. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test (TMT-A) | -7.70 seconds | Standard Error 0.98 |
| Duloxetine | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test (TMT-A) | -8.06 seconds | Standard Error 0.955 |
| Placebo | Change From Baseline to Week 8 in the Trail Making Test (TMT-A) | -6.65 seconds | Standard Error 1.009 |
Secondary
Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test
The STROOP test assesses the ability to inhibit a prepotent response to reading words while performing a task that requires attention control. It comprises of 2 sheets with 50 words each, up to 50 correct responses for each of the congruent and incongruent Stroop tests. Participants have 4 minutes to name the ink color of each word. Lower time to complete the test indicates better performance. Higher number of correct responses indicates better responses. A decrease in the time to complete the tests and an increase in the number of correct responses both indicate improvement over the course of the study. An ANCOVA model was used with treatment and center as fixed factors and the Baseline value as a covariate.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Incongruent (n=172,186,166) | -8.17 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Congruent (n=174,187,167) | -3.30 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.086 |
| Duloxetine | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Incongruent (n=172,186,166) | -9.83 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.498 |
| Duloxetine | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Congruent (n=174,187,167) | -4.54 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.044 |
| Placebo | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Incongruent (n=172,186,166) | -8.11 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.586 |
| Placebo | Change in Time From Baseline to Week 8 in the Stroop Test | Congruent (n=174,187,167) | -4.37 seconds | Standard Deviation 1.105 |
Secondary
Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 8
The CGI-I assesses the clinician's impression of the subject's state of mental illness improvement and consists of one question for the investigator: Compared to his condition at the start of the study, how much has this patient changed? which is rated on a seven-point scale (1=very much improved; 2=much improved; 3=minimally improved; 4=no change relative to baseline; 5=minimally worse; 6= much worse; 7=very much worse). Higher scores indicate greater worsening of illness. Values closest to 1 for this outcome measure indicate the greatest improvement of symptoms. A MMRM model was used with baseline\*week, center, week, treatment and week\*treatment as factors in the analysis.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 8
Population: Participants from the Full Analysis Set, all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy, with data available for analysis.
| Arm | Measure | Value (LEAST_SQUARES_MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 8 | 2.349 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0852 |
| Duloxetine | Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 8 | 2.235 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0826 |
| Placebo | Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 8 | 2.639 score on a scale | Standard Error 0.0872 |
p-value: 0.01795% CI: [-0.528, -0.052]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.00195% CI: [-0.638, -0.169]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Percentage of Participants in MADRS Remission at Week 8
MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. MADRS Remission was defined as a MADRS total score ≤10.
Time frame: Week 8
Population: Full Analysis Set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy. Last Observation Carried Forward.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Percentage of Participants in MADRS Remission at Week 8 | 30.3 percentage of participants |
| Duloxetine | Percentage of Participants in MADRS Remission at Week 8 | 33.7 percentage of participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants in MADRS Remission at Week 8 | 21.6 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants With MADRS Response at Week 8
MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression) with a total possible score range from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms. MADRS Response was defined as a ≥50% decrease in MADRS Total Score from Baseline.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Full Analysis Set included all randomized participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment of primary efficacy. Last Observation Carried Forward.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Percentage of Participants With MADRS Response at Week 8 | 50.9 percentage of participants |
| Duloxetine | Percentage of Participants With MADRS Response at Week 8 | 54.5 percentage of participants |
| Placebo | Percentage of Participants With MADRS Response at Week 8 | 41.3 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Proportion of Cognitive Dysfunction Improvement Due to Improvement of Depression
Improvement of Cognitive Dysfunction is determined using the change from Baseline to Week 8 in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Total Score and the Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) total number of correct symbols. The MADRS is a 10-item clinician rated scale to measure overall severity of depressive symptoms (such as apparent sadness, reported sadness, inner tension) rated on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (symptoms absent) to 6 (severe depression). The DSST assesses relative contributions of speed, memory, executive function and visual scanning. The proportion of direct effect from treatment = DSST difference / (DSST difference + coefficient\*MADRS difference).
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Population: Full Analysis Set included all participants who were randomized, received at least 1 dose of study drug, and had at least 1 valid post-baseline value for assessment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) | Proportion of Cognitive Dysfunction Improvement Due to Improvement of Depression | 75.66 proportion of direct effect |
| Duloxetine | Proportion of Cognitive Dysfunction Improvement Due to Improvement of Depression | 48.69 proportion of direct effect |