Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Conditions
Keywords
hormone refractory prostate cancer
Brief summary
This is a randomized, double blind, multi-institutional phase II therapeutic study of Indoximod or placebo after the completion of standard of care sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic prostate cancer that is castration resistant (hormone refractory). Patients are randomized to receive either twice daily oral Indoximod or placebo for 6 months beginning the day after the third and final sipuleucel-T infusion.
Detailed description
Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Oral Indoximod/placebo will be self-administered twice daily for 6 months starting after the last infusion of sipuleucel-T. Patients will be treated for a minimum of 12 weeks of Indoximod/placebo before disease progression can be declared and Indoximod/placebo will not be discontinued for increasing prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the absence of symptomatic clinical progression.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALIndoximod
Given twice daily (1200 mg total) by mouth for 6 months.
BIOLOGICALSipuleucel-T
Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Given by infusion over 60 minutes at Week 0, 2 and 4. Patients will undergo leukapheresis at weeks 0, 2, and 4 with sipuleucel-T infused 3 days later (i.e. Monday/Thursday; Tuesday/Friday).
OTHERPlacebo
Given in same manner as Indoximod; 1200 mg per day by mouth.
Sponsors
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Histologically documented adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease as evidenced by soft tissue and/or bony metastases on baseline computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis and/or bone scan * Castration-resistant based on a current or historical evidence of disease progression despite surgical or medical castration as demonstrated by one or more of the following: * PSA progression (defined as two consecutive prostate specific antigen (PSA) measurements at least 14 days apart ≥ 2.0 ng/ml and ≥ 50% above the minimum PSA during castration therapy or above pre-treatment value if no response) * progression of measurable disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria (≥ 50% increase in the sum of the cross products of all measurable lesions or the development of any new lesions * progression of non-measureable disease * Serum PSA ≥ 2.0 ng/ml at study enrollment * Castration levels of testosterone defined as ≤ 30 ng/dL at study enrollment. Must be at least 3 months from surgical castration or must have received medical castration therapy for at least 3 months and be receiving such therapy at the time of confirmed disease progression * Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic disease as demonstrated by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0 or 1 and no need for opiate pain medications to control pain/symptoms * Age 18 years and old * Adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic function within 14 days of study enrollment defined as: * Bone marrow: WBC \> 3,000/uL; absolute neutrophil count \> 1,500/uL; platelets \> 100,000/uL * Renal: creatinine within institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) OR creatinine clearance \> 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above ULN * Hepatic: total bilirubin \< 1.5 X institutional ULN; aspartate aminotransferase (AST ((SGOT)) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT((SGPT)) \< 2.5 X institutional ULN
Exclusion criteria
* Chronic steroid dependence (should stop all steroid supplementation 4 weeks prior to enrollment) * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and those with other acquired/inherited immunodeficiency * History of gastrointestinal disease causing malabsorption or obstruction such as, but not limited to Crohn's disease, celiac sprue, tropical sprue, bacterial overgrowth/blind loop syndrome, gastric bypass surgery, strictures, adhesions, achalasia, bowel obstruction, or extensive small bowel resection * Inability to take medications by mouth * History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition * Active autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory condition, conditions requiring concurrent use of any systemic immunosuppressants or steroids. Mild-intermittent asthma requiring only occasional beta-agonist inhaler use or mild localized eczema will not be excluded. * Previous allo-transplant of any kind * History of prior treatment with anti-CTLA4 blocking antibody
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Immune Response to Sipuleucel-T | 14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis | Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Increase in number of ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months | 6 Months | Progression free survival (PFS) is a composite endpoint defined as disease progression in bone or soft tissues, PSA progression, worsening pain, or death. PFS will be measured in months from the time of study enrollment until the date of disease progression. Progression is evaluated using the international criteria proposed by the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1) \[Eur J Ca 45:228-247, 2009\]. Changes in the largest diameter (unidimensional measurement) of the tumor lesions and the shortest diameter in the case of malignant lymph nodes are used in the RECIST criteria. |
| Objective Response Rate | 4 weeks | rate as defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group -2 (PCWG2). ORR is defined as the percentage of subjects with evidence of a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)(version 1.1) Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesion. Stable Disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study. |
| Overall Survival | 2 years | To evaluate 2 year overall survival |
| Quality of Life Scale Results | 6 Months | measured by the performance status with scale of 0-5 0 being 'normal activity' and 5 'being dead' |
| Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024 | 14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis | Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Antibodies to PA2024 is measured by ELISA. The ratio of antibodies to ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
One patient withdrew or refused to participate after receiving protocol therapy
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Control (Placebo) Arm Placebo is identical-looking to Indoximod and provided in the same manner.
Sipuleucel-T: Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Given by infusion over 60 minutes at Week 0, 2 and 4. Patients will undergo leukapheresis at weeks 0, 2, and 4 with sipuleucel-T infused 3 days later (i.e. Monday/Thursday; Tuesday/Friday).
Placebo: Given in same manner as Indoximod; 1200 mg per day by mouth. | 24 |
| Treatment Oral Indoximod will be self-administered by mouth twice daily (1200 mg) for 6 months starting after the last (3rd) infusion of sipuleucel-T. Indoximod is a sterile tan powder compounded in capsule form of 200 mg.
Indoximod: Given twice daily (1200 mg total) by mouth for 6 months.
Sipuleucel-T: Sipuleucel-T will be administered as standard of care. Given by infusion over 60 minutes at Week 0, 2 and 4. Patients will undergo leukapheresis at weeks 0, 2, and 4 with sipuleucel-T infused 3 days later (i.e. Monday/Thursday; Tuesday/Friday). | 22 |
| Total | 46 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Control (Placebo) Arm | Treatment | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 18 Participants | 13 Participants | 31 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 6 Participants | 9 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 22 Participants | 22 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 23 Participants | 16 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 24 Participants | 22 Participants | 46 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 5 / 22 | 6 / 24 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 20 / 22 | 21 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 2 / 22 | 1 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Immune Response to Sipuleucel-T
Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Increase in number of ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm.
Time frame: 14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis
| Arm | Measure | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Immune Response to Sipuleucel-T | 29.6 Spots per ml |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Immune Response to Sipuleucel-T | 25.45 Spots per ml |
Secondary
Number of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months
Progression free survival (PFS) is a composite endpoint defined as disease progression in bone or soft tissues, PSA progression, worsening pain, or death. PFS will be measured in months from the time of study enrollment until the date of disease progression. Progression is evaluated using the international criteria proposed by the revised Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline (version 1.1) \[Eur J Ca 45:228-247, 2009\]. Changes in the largest diameter (unidimensional measurement) of the tumor lesions and the shortest diameter in the case of malignant lymph nodes are used in the RECIST criteria.
Time frame: 6 Months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Number of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months | 6 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Number of Participants With Progression Free Survival at 6 Months | 11 Participants |
Secondary
Objective Response Rate
rate as defined by Prostate Cancer Working Group -2 (PCWG2). ORR is defined as the percentage of subjects with evidence of a confirmed complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) as per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST)(version 1.1) Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target) must have reduction in short axis to \<10 mm. Partial Response (PR): At least a 30% decrease in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum diameters Progressive Disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesion. Stable Disease (SD): Neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD, taking as reference the smallest sum diameters while on study.
Time frame: 4 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Partial response (PR) | 1 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Not Evaluable | 0 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Stable Disease (SD) | 5 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Baseline | 3 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Not Assessed | 2 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Non-CR/Non-PD | 1 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Objective Response Rate | Progressive Disease (PD) | 12 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Progressive Disease (PD) | 7 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Not Assessed | 0 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Not Evaluable | 2 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Non-CR/Non-PD | 1 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Stable Disease (SD) | 11 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Partial response (PR) | 0 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Objective Response Rate | Baseline | 1 Participants |
Secondary
Overall Survival
To evaluate 2 year overall survival
Time frame: 2 years
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Overall Survival | 18 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Overall Survival | 17 Participants |
Secondary
Quality of Life Scale Results
measured by the performance status with scale of 0-5 0 being 'normal activity' and 5 'being dead'
Time frame: 6 Months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | 0 - Normal activity, Fully active | 19 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | 1- Symptoms but ambulatory | 5 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | No Data | 0 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | 0 - Normal activity, Fully active | 7 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | 1- Symptoms but ambulatory | 10 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | No Data | 7 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | 1- Symptoms but ambulatory | 3 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | 0 - Normal activity, Fully active | 15 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | 0 - Normal activity, Fully active | 9 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | 1- Symptoms but ambulatory | 7 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Post Treatment performance Status Score | No Data | 10 Participants |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Quality of Life Scale Results | Baseline Performance Status Score | No Data | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024
Assess the augmentation of immune response (PA2024) to sipuleucel-T measured at 14 weeks from first leukapheresis, in response to twice daily oral Indoximod at a dose of 1200 mg/day or an identical looking placebo. The frequency of antigen specific, cytokine producing cells will be determined by an ELISPOT assay. ELISPOT assay will use whole PBMC to assess interferon gamma production in response to the immunizing protein PA2024. Antibodies to PA2024 is measured by ELISA. The ratio of antibodies to ELISPOT responses to PBMC in patients in the treatment arm will be compared to those in control arm.
Time frame: 14 Weeks from First Leukapheresis
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (GEOMETRIC_MEAN) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024 | PA2024 IGGIGM ratio (wk14/baseline) | 104.39 Ratio |
| Sipuleucel-T + Placebo | Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024 | PA2024 IGG ratio (wk14/baseline) | 13.05 Ratio |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024 | PA2024 IGG ratio (wk14/baseline) | 9.19 Ratio |
| Sipuleucel-T + Oral Indoximod | Ratio of Antibodies to PA2024 | PA2024 IGGIGM ratio (wk14/baseline) | 111.43 Ratio |