Cardiovascular Disease
Conditions
Keywords
fatty acids, cardiovascular disease, genotype, apoE
Brief summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Abnormalities in the concentration and/or composition of lipoproteins (the lipid carrying particles), in particular low density lipoproteins (LDL) in circulation, is one of the most important physiological defects contributing to the development of CVD. The LDL cholesterol (LDLC) response to fatty acid change is in part mediated by the APOE genotype, with E4 individuals (25% of the UK population) being most responsive to changes in dietary fats, showing greater reductions when low levels of saturated fats or fish oils are consumed and greater increases when high levels of these fats are consumed. Therefore the aims of the present study is to understand the mechanism that regulates the higher LDLC response associated with saturated fatty acids and fish oil consumption in healthy men prospectively recruited based on their APOE genotype.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHigh saturated fat meal
Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for saturated fats.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTSaturated fatty acids and fish oil meal
Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for saturated fats and fish oil. The dose of fish oils was equivalent to two portions of oily fish.
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTHigh unsaturated fat meal
Volunteers consumed a single test meal breakfast containing 53 g of fat, of which 50 g was substituted for unsaturated fats. It provided a fatty acid profile representative of a typical UK diet.
Sponsors
Unilever R&D
University of Reading
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
MALE
Age
18 Years to 70 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Gender Male * Age 18-70 years * Body Mass Index (BMI) \< 32 kg/m2 * Plasma triglycerides 1-4 mmol/l * Plasma cholesterol \< 8 mmol/l * Glucose \< 7 mmol/l * Haemoglobin \> 11 g/dl * ApoE E3/E3, E3/E4
Exclusion criteria
* Blood pressure \> 200/95 mmHg * Had suffered a myocardial infraction or stroke in previous 2 years. * Diabetes mellitus * Liver disease * Other endocrine disorders * Unstable angina * Familial hyperlipidaemia * Any dietary restrictions or an a weight reducing diet * On fatty acid supplements e.g. evening primrose oil or fish oils * Vigorous exercise e.g. competitive athletes * ApoE2/E2, apoE2/E3 and apoE2/E4 * Any other parameter on which the investigators felt an individual was unsuitable
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Impact of APOE genotype and dietary fat composition in plasma lipids | 3 months |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors | 3 months |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed