Autoimmune Disorders
Conditions
Keywords
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), Immucothel, Native KLH, Healthy volunteers, Oral tolerance, Immunogenicity, Autoimmune diseases
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to test the oral tolerance of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and to determine if Immucothel by itself is strong enough to trigger the immune response. If not, Immucothel will be tested in combination with an adjuvant to determine if an adequate immune response can be seen.
Detailed description
One type of normal immune response is called oral tolerance. This is when the immune system (the body's natural defense system against illness) turns off (e.g. does not respond) to foods or to other proteins that are eaten. Oral tolerance test is done by feeding people a protein and then vaccinating them with the same protein. Oral tolerance occurs if the vaccination does not cause an immune response. In this study, oral tolerance of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) will be tested. KLH is a large protein extracted from a mollusk (a sea animal). The 'native KLH' (which is a large version of this protein) formulation will be used for oral feeding. Immucothel (a smaller version of the KLH protein) will be used for vaccination (injection). Immucothel is an investigational vaccine currently used to treat bladder cancers outside of the US. Since these particular KLH products have never been used in oral tolerance studies, the investigators want to make sure in this pilot study that they will work as expected in healthy participants before studying these two products in patients with auto-immune disorders. This study will also determine if Immucothel by itself is strong enough to trigger the immune response. If not, Immucothel will be tested in combination with an adjuvant (a substance that can increase the immune response to a protein like KLH) to determine if an adequate immune response can be seen. This study consists of two parts. Participants will participate for either 39 days (Part A) or 65 days (Part B). Regardless of the group assignment, a safety follow-up phone call will occur 6 months after the last immunization (189 day for Part A or 215 day for part B) to assess the late onset of adverse events. Part A of the study will test the experimental vaccine Immucothel by itself or in combination with an adjuvant. Immucothel is a purified protein from a mollusk. Immucothel can be given as a sub-q injection (under the skin) alone or with an adjuvant (a small amount of mineral oil) to help to enhance the immune response. There maybe two groups in this part: 1. Ten evaluable (as defined by protocol) participants will be given Immucothel alone by injection on two occasions, If Immucothel alone creates an immune response in most of the participants then Part A will be completed. 2. If Immucothel alone does not create an immune response in most of the participants in Part A, then 10 new evaluable (as defined by protocol) participants will be asked to volunteer to test Immucothel in combination with the adjuvant Montanide (mineral oil). This will be given by injection on two occasions If there is an immune response in most of the participants to this combination of Immucothel and Montanide then Part A will be done. Part B of the study will test the successful Immucothel regimen from Part A with oral KLH. Ten new evaluable (as defined by protocol) participants will be given the experimental oral KLH.
Interventions
BIOLOGICALImmucothel Alone (Part A)
100 ug at day 0 (priming dose) and day 9(booster dose)
BIOLOGICALImmucothel+Montanide (Part A)
100 ug SQ Immucothel plus Montanide at day 0 (priming dose) and day 9 (booster dose)
BIOLOGICALImmucothel Alone or Immucothel+Montanide (Part B)
50 mg of native KLH on days 0-4 and 10-14 (total of 500 mg). Immunization on days 26 and 35.
Sponsors
Immune Tolerance Network (ITN)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Study design
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 50 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Healthy * Ability to give informed consent and comply with study procedures. * Participant able/willing to hold off receiving prophylactic immunizations (like influenza or pneumococcal vaccines) during the study period.
Exclusion criteria
* Use of corticosteroids within 2 weeks prior to screening visit. * First degree relative (parent, sibling or child) with history of autoimmune disease. * Presence of chronic medical illness including but not limited to chronic kidney-, liver-, cardio-vascular diseases, immunodeficiencies, anemia, B12 deficiency, malignancies, or chronic active infections. * History of acute gastrointestinal illness within 2 weeks prior to oral KLH administration. * For women of child bearing age, participant unwilling to defer pregnancy, has a positive urine pregnancy test or is currently pregnant or lactating. * Use of an investigational drug within 3 months of the screening visit. * History of acute febrile illness within 1 week of screening visit. * History of allergy to shellfish, previous exposure to KLH/product containing KLH or known-sensitivity to KLH / components of KLH preparation. * Participants receiving any immunizations within 1 month prior to screening visit.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Participants With a Positive Immune Response to T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A) | Day 16 | T cell stimulation index (SI) as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation after in vitro keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). An SI ≥3 on day 16 will indicate the presence of immune response. The SI is the ratio of 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the presence of KLH stimulation to 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the absence of stimulation. Higher values correspond with lower tolerance to KLH. |
| Participants Demonstrating Tolerance to KLH Using T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part B) | Day 32 | T cell stimulation index (SI) as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation after in vitro keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). An SI \<3 on Day 32 indicated tolerance to KLH. The SI is the ratio of 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the presence of KLH stimulation to 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the absence of stimulation. Higher values correspond with lower tolerance to KLH. |
| T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A) | Day 9 | No data available for analyses |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Suppression (or Non-activation) of T Cell Stimulation Index Measured by CFSE Staining After KLH Stimulation (Part B) | Day 42 | No data available for analyses. |
| Cytokine Secretion Profile of T Cells Stimulated by KLH (Part A) | Days 0, 9, 16 | No data available for analyses. |
| Compare the Level of KLH-specific Antibodies in the Serum (Samples From Various Time Points) Between Parts A and B | 6 months | No data available for analyses. |
| Other Mechanistic Assessments on Archived Serum Samples Like Anti-KLH Antibodies and Secreted Cytokines (Part B) | 6 months | No data available for analyses. |
| T Cell Stimulation Index Measured by Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE) Staining After KLH Stimulation (Part A) | Days 0, 9, 16 | No data available for analyses. |
| Suppression (or Non-activation) of Cytokine Secretion Profile of T Cells Stimulated by KLH Following Oral Feeding (Part B) | Day 42 | No data available for analyses. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
One site in the United States recruited 19 healthy adult male and female participants.
Pre-assignment details
The accrual objective was 10 to 20 evaluable participants in Part A and 10 evaluable participants in Part B. The definition of an evaluable participant (measured/determined by lymphocyte proliferation assay) was provided in the protocol.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Immucothel Alone (Part A) Subjects received 100 µg Immucothel subcutaneously (SQ) on Day 0 and Day 9. If at least nine of the subjects demonstrated an immune response, Part A of the study would be complete. | 13 |
| Immucothel Alone or Immucothel + Montanide (Part B) Ten new, healthy participants ingested 50 mg of native keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) orally. KLH, a protein extracted from a mollusk (a sea animal), was ingested on Days 0 through 4 and Days 10 through 14, for a total dose of 500 mg. The participants were then immunized using the strategy that produced an immune response in at least nine out of 10 participants in Part A (Immucothel alone or Immucothel plus Montanide) on Days 26 and 35. | 6 |
| Total | 19 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Lost to Follow-up | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Withdrawal by Subject | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Immucothel Alone (Part A) | Immucothel Alone or Immucothel + Montanide (Part B) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 13 Participants | 6 Participants | 19 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 13 participants | 6 participants | 19 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants | 5 Participants | 13 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 6 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 4 / 13 | 0 / 0 | 4 / 6 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 13 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 6 |
Outcome results
Primary
Participants Demonstrating Tolerance to KLH Using T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part B)
T cell stimulation index (SI) as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation after in vitro keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). An SI \<3 on Day 32 indicated tolerance to KLH. The SI is the ratio of 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the presence of KLH stimulation to 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the absence of stimulation. Higher values correspond with lower tolerance to KLH.
Time frame: Day 32
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Immucothel Alone or Immucothel + Montanide (Part B) | Participants Demonstrating Tolerance to KLH Using T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part B) | 1 participants |
Primary
Participants With a Positive Immune Response to T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A)
T cell stimulation index (SI) as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation after in vitro keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). An SI ≥3 on day 16 will indicate the presence of immune response. The SI is the ratio of 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the presence of KLH stimulation to 3H-thymidine incorporation by T cells in the absence of stimulation. Higher values correspond with lower tolerance to KLH.
Time frame: Day 16
Population: Intent-to-treat
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Immucothel Alone (Part A) | Participants With a Positive Immune Response to T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A) | 9 participants |
Primary
T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A)
No data available for analyses
Time frame: Day 9
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Primary
T Cell Stimulation Index (SI) as Measured by 3H-thymidine Incorporation After in Vitro KLH Stimulation of PBMC (Part A)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: Day 16
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
Compare the Level of KLH-specific Antibodies in the Serum (Samples From Various Time Points) Between Parts A and B
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
Cytokine Secretion Profile of T Cells Stimulated by KLH (Part A)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: Days 0, 9, 16
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
Other Mechanistic Assessments on Archived Serum Samples Like Anti-KLH Antibodies and Secreted Cytokines (Part B)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: 6 months
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
Suppression (or Non-activation) of Cytokine Secretion Profile of T Cells Stimulated by KLH Following Oral Feeding (Part B)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: Day 42
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
Suppression (or Non-activation) of T Cell Stimulation Index Measured by CFSE Staining After KLH Stimulation (Part B)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: Day 42
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.
Secondary
T Cell Stimulation Index Measured by Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate Succinimidyl Ester (CFSE) Staining After KLH Stimulation (Part A)
No data available for analyses.
Time frame: Days 0, 9, 16
Population: Data were not collected and therefore no analyses could be performed.