Obesity
Conditions
Keywords
obesity, fat, appetite, digestion
Brief summary
Interaction of fat with the mouth, stomach and intestine will trigger physiological responses that will impact on the digestion, gut transit time and absorption of fat. These responses will also influence and contribute to regulation of food intake and satiety. No systematic research on understanding how the physiological-chemical properties of food affect the digestion and absorption of lipids has been carried out previously. Studies have shown that the release of free fatty acids triggers the fat-related responses. The investigators hypothesize that the release of fatty acids depends on the colloidal state of the fat, which changes progressively due to the pH changes and enzyme activities in the mouth, stomach and intestine.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTadministration of fat (sunflower oil), emulsified
40 ml sunflower oil, in the presence of the emulsifier tween-80.
PROCEDUREInsertion of nasoduodenal tube
A nasoduodenal tube is inserted to enable collection of gastric and duodenal aspirates of 2 mL each, to determine gastrointestinal digestion of fat
Sponsors
Top Institute Food and Nutrition
Maastricht University Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Signed informed consent form 2. Sex: male or female 3. Age: 18-55 years 4. Body Mass Index (BMI): 18-29 kg/m2 5. Based on medical history and previous examination, no gastrointestinal complaints can be defined.
Exclusion criteria
1. Evidence of severe cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital, gastrointestinal/ hepatic, hematological/immunologic, HEENT (head, ears, eyes, nose, throat), dermatological/-connective tissue, musculoskeletal, metabolic/nutritional, endocrine, neurological/-psychiatric diseases, allergy, major surgery and/or laboratory assessments which might limit participation in or completion of the study protocol 2. Gastrointestinal or hepatic disorders influencing gastrointestinal absorption or transit 3. Use of psychotropic drugs, including: benzodiazepines. Concomitant medication that can increase gastric pH (e.g. antacids, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins, anticholinergic agents, H2-receptor antagonists), or alter gastric emptying (e.g. metoclopramide, cisapride, domperidone and erythromycin, anticholinergics, tricyclic antidepressants, narcotic analgetics, adrenergic agents, calcium channel blockers), or alter intestinal transit (e.g., loperamide, chemical/osmotic/bulk laxatives) or influence satiety/energy intake (e.g. sibutramine, glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids), except oral contraceptives 4. Pregnancy, lactation, wish to become pregnant during study, or having a positive pregnancy test at inclusion 5. Reported unexplained weight loss/gain of more than 2 kg in the month before the study enrollment 6. Score \> 9 on Factor 1 (dietary restrained) of the Dutch translation of the Three Factor eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) \[17\] 7. Blood donations less than three months previous to study enrollment, and for three months following participation 8. One or more of the following dietary habits: medically prescribed diets, weight reduction diets, or vegetarian/macrobiotic/biologically dynamic food habits. Administration of investigational drugs in the 180 days prior to the study 9. Major abdominal surgery interfering with gastrointestinal function (uncomplicated appendectomy, cholecystectomy and hysterectomy allowed, and other surgery upon judgement of the principle investigator) 10. Premenstrual syndrome, dieting (medically prescribed, vegetarian, diabetic, biological dynamic) 11. Excessive alcohol consumption (\>20 alcoholic consumptions per week) 12. Smoking 13. Self-admitted HIV-positive state
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance of free fatty acids in the duodenum | In the first 180 min after administration of test product | The appearance of free fatty acids in the duodenum will be assessed during the 180 min following ingestion of the test product. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Colloidal stability of fat | In the first 180 min after administration of test product | Droplet size, flocculation, aggregation, coalescence) in samples from the oral, gastric and duodenal compartment will be determined during the 180 min following ingestion of the test product. |
Countries
Netherlands
Outcome results
None listed