Anemia, Change in Sustained Attention, Helminthiasis, Malaria, Schistosomiasis
Conditions
Keywords
IPT, malaria, ACT, schistosomiasis, Hemoglobin, Anemia, Sustained attention, Recall, Schoolchildren, Kassena-Nankana
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy, ACT,(artemether-lumefantrine) used as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) alone or in combination with praziquantel, will have any effects on anemia, malaria, schistosomiasis and school sustained attention and concentration.
Detailed description
Introduction: Malaria, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are rife in sub-Saharan Africa where school children are at great risk of morbidity. Although the strategy of using intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for malaria control has been proven beneficial among infants and pregnant women, it is yet to be implemented in school children on a large scale. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) use as IPT is being limited by widespread reports of resistance. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been proven efficacious as IPT among school children in few studies. Other studies have shown that artemisinin derivatives exhibit anti-schistosomal activity. This could be an added effect of using ACTs, as IPT, to prevent malaria related morbidity in school children in sub-Saharan Africa. General Objective: To examine the effect of IPT with ACTs and anti-helminthes against malaria and helminthes infections on health and school attention among children 6 to 12 years old. Specific objectives 1. To estimate the prevalence of malaria parasitemia, schistosomiasis and anemia among primary schoolchildren. 2. To determine the impact of 3 doses of IPT (with artemether-lumefantrine) and de-worming (with albendazole and/or praziquantel) on hemoglobin and school (classroom) attention and recall. 3. To determine the effects of IPT (with artemether-lumefantrine) and de-worming (with albendazole and /or praziquantel) on the prevalence and intensity of schistosomes infection among schoolchildren. 4. To determine the safety and tolerability of IPT with artemether-lumefantrine combined with albendazole and/or praziquantel among school children. Materials and methods: An open-labeled randomized trial, including 3 arms, will be carried out in 6 primary schools in the Kassena-Nankana Districts, Ghana, where malaria and schistosome infection (with S. hematobium and S. mansoni) are endemic. After informed consent and assent are obtained, about 345 (115 in each arm) class three school children will be investigated for malaria parasitemia, anemia, schistosome and soil-transmitted helminths infections, and classroom attention and recall in a baseline pre-intervention survey. Mass treatment is then carried out in the 6 randomized schools with ACT and albendazole in one study arm; ACT, albendazole and praziquantel in the second arm while albendazole and praziquantel will be given in the third school arm. ACT mass treatment using artemether-lumefantrine is carried out every school term (4 monthly) for one year while praziquantel is given once and albendazole twice a year. After one academic year, the same 345 (115 in each arm) selected participants in class three are assessed for hemoglobin, malaria parasitemia, STH and schistosome infections and classroom attention and recall. Safety and tolerability of the combined IPT is assessed at 28 days post treatment. Data analysis- Data will be analyzed by both intention-to-treat and per-protocol employing uni-variate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Interventions
DRUGArtemether-lumefantrine combination plus albendazole
AL: 20mg/120mg 12-hourly orally for 3 days ABZ: 400mg oral stat
DRUGArtemether-lumefantrine plus Praziquantel plus Albendazole
Artemether-lumefantrine 20mg/120mg 12 hourly for 3 days, plus praziquantel 40mg/kg stat, plus albendazole 400mg stat oral
Albendazole 400mg stat plus Praziquantel 40mg/kg stat oral
Sponsors
DBL -Institute for Health Research and Development
Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 12 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Parental informed consent and assent by schoolchildren * No known history of allergy to any study drug * Aged 6 or more years
Exclusion criteria
* lack of parental informed consent and assent by schoolchildren * Known allergy or history of allergy to any study drug * Aged less than 6 years
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence and density of malaria parasites, determined by microscopy, as a measure of efficacy | Day 28 post intervention | Change from baseline of prevalence and density of malaria parasitemia 28 days post interventions |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number of schoolchildren with sustained attention and recall as a measure of efficacy | Day 365 | Change in sustained classroom attention and recall in 365 days of start of intervention from baseline |
| Proportion of schoolchildren with anemia as a measure of safety and tolerability | Day 365 | Proportion of schoolchildren having hemoglobin level less than 12.0g/dl from baseline level in 365 days of start of intervention |
| Number of participants with adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability | Day 365 | Number of reported adverse events within twelve months of intervention per study arm |
| Prevalence and density of malaria parasites by microscopy as a measure of efficacy | 365 days | Proportion of schoolchildren with malaria parasitemia by study arm compared to baseline |
| Prevalence and intensity of intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren as a measure of efficacy | 365 days | Proportion of schoolchildren with intestinal schistosomiasis by study arm compared to baseline |
| Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis as a measure of efficacy | 365 days post first intervention | Proportion of schoolchildren with urinary schistosomiasis by study arm compared to baseline |
Countries
Ghana
Contacts
Primary ContactErnest C Opoku, MD, MPH
Backup ContactAbraham V Hodgson, MD, MPH, PhD
Outcome results
None listed