Peripheral Arterial Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Peripheral arterial disease, Community Medicine, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy
Brief summary
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a highly prevalent public health problem that results from progressive atherosclerosis of arteries in the lower extremities. PAD is also associated with major detrimental effects on quality of life and functional status, and is the most important cause of limb amputation. More importantly, PAD is a major manifestation of cardiovascular disease and a potent predictor of myocardial infarction, stroke and death. Despite its frequent occurrence, little is known about the natural history of PAD in Hispanics who represent 12.5% of the United States. Because access to health care is limited among Hispanics, CBPR is the ideal process to reach this target population. The goal of the proposed study is to evaluate community-based strategies of detection and treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Hispanics. The proposed project consists of two phases: a cross-sectional phase (PAD detection), followed by a randomization phase.During the PAD detection study , the prevalence and severity of PAD in this population will be determined. Specific risk factors associated with PAD among the Hispanic participants will be identified. During the second phase patients will be enrolled in a randomized, non-blinded trial comparing a community-based risk factor modification and supervised exercise program versus usual care for PAD. These individuals will undergo a baseline evaluation similar to the one obtained during the first phase of the study, but will also include functional testing of the lower extremities.
Interventions
Supervised exercise Program consist of six months of supervised, intermittent track walking. Walking duration will begin at 20 - 30 minutes per session for the first month of the program, and increased by 5 minutes per session per month until a total of 45 minutes of walking per session is reached by the third month. During each exercise session, individuals will be encouraged to walk at a speed of approximately 2 mph until they achieve leg pain or discomfort on walking of moderate severity.Individuals are then allowed to have a brief period of standing or sitting rest to permit symptoms to resolve before they resume exercise.
Sponsors
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
70 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Cross-Sectional phase: * Hispanic men and women aged 70 years or older. * Hispanic participants with diabetes mellitus or smokers aged 50 through 69 years. * Individual has been informed of the nature, procedures and risks of the study, and has signed a consent form approved by UT Southwestern Institutional Review Board. Randomization phase: * Hispanic men and women aged 70 years or older * English or Spanish speaking * Hispanic participants with diabetes mellitus or smokers aged 50 through 69 years. * Documented peripheral arterial disease with an Ankle-brachial index (ABI) \< 0.9 or Toe-brachial index (TBI) \<0.7, and abnormal Pulse Volume Recordings (PVR). * Ability to ambulate independently. * No prior amputations other than toe or partial foot amputations that do not impede walking. * Patient has been informed of the nature, procedures and risks of the study, and has signed a consent form approved by the UT Southwestern Institutional Review Board.
Exclusion criteria
Cross-Sectional Phase * Individuals with severe dementia. * Individuals with inability to provide informed consent. * Bilateral lower or upper extremities amputations. * Pregnancy or lactation. Randomization Phase * Non-ambulatory * Individuals with prior below- or above-knee amputations * Individuals unable to give informed consent * Individuals unwilling to perform the functional tests or quality of life assessments * Individuals unable to perform exercise therapy, functional tests or quality of life assessments due to severe comorbidities * Presence of concurrent illness with an anticipated life expectancy less than six months * Individuals with planned operative interventions
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Walking Ability (Functional Outcome) | 6 months | Walking distance (Six-Minute Walk test). Following a standardized protocol, individuals are instructed to walk back and forth a 100-ft hallway as far as they can in six minutes after instructions to cover as much distance as possible. A research assistant walks slightly behind each participant so as not to pace the individual. The research assistant records whether or not each person stops during the 6-minute walk. During the proposed study, members of the research team and trained lay health promoters (LHPs) will walk directly behind the individuals and give standardized instructions of encouragement at set intervals. Data will be reported on meters walked. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Patients were recruited at community centers. Enrollment was performed between february 2008 and June 2011.
Pre-assignment details
Patients that denied to be randomized and/or to follow the schedule for the research procedures was excluded of the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Supervised Exercise It consists of six months of supervised, intermittent track walking to near maximal leg pain or discomfort three days per week. Walking duration will begin at 20 - 30 minutes per session for the first month of the program, and increased by 5 minutes per session per month until a total of 45 minutes of walking per session is reached by the third month. | 24 |
| Standard of Care Patients will be observed during the time of the study, no intervention will be applied. Patients are allowed to do their regular activity at home. | 14 |
| Total | 38 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Standard of Care | Supervised Exercise | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 14 Participants | 24 Participants | 38 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 79.5 years INTER_QUARTILE_RANGE 11.08 | 75 years | 79.5 years INTER_QUARTILE_RANGE 11.08 |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 14 participants | 24 participants | 38 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 11 Participants | 17 Participants | 28 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants | 7 Participants | 10 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 30 | 0 / 24 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 30 | 0 / 24 |
Outcome results
Primary
Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Walking Ability (Functional Outcome)
Walking distance (Six-Minute Walk test). Following a standardized protocol, individuals are instructed to walk back and forth a 100-ft hallway as far as they can in six minutes after instructions to cover as much distance as possible. A research assistant walks slightly behind each participant so as not to pace the individual. The research assistant records whether or not each person stops during the 6-minute walk. During the proposed study, members of the research team and trained lay health promoters (LHPs) will walk directly behind the individuals and give standardized instructions of encouragement at set intervals. Data will be reported on meters walked.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supervised Exercise | Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Walking Ability (Functional Outcome) | 301.4 meters | Standard Deviation 140.3 |
| Standard of Care | Effect of an Exercise Intervention on Walking Ability (Functional Outcome) | 185.1 meters | Standard Deviation 164.1 |