Myeloma
Conditions
Keywords
Multiple Myeloma, Relapsed, Refractory, Corticosteroids
Brief summary
The main purpose of this study is to see whether pomalidomide can help people with myeloma. Researchers also want to find out if pomalidomide is safe and tolerable.
Detailed description
There are two parts to this study: * Phase 1: To determine a safe dose of the medication cyclophosphamide in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone. * Phase 2: To see the difference in effectiveness of pomalidomide in combination with high dose dexamethasone with or without cyclophosphamide for the treatment of participants who have myeloma, which has relapsed to or become refractory (not responding) to prior treatment.
Interventions
DRUGPomalidomide
Pomalidomide at 4 mg by mouth (PO) as outlined in the treatment arms.
DRUGDexamethasone
Dexamethasone at 40 mg (20 mg) PO as outlined in the treatment arms.
DRUGCyclophosphamide
The dose escalation uses a standard 3x3 design: Ex: If none of the first 3 participants have a DLT, enter 3 participants at the next higher dose level. Once the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral weekly cyclophosphamide in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone was determined, investigators proceeded with the second phase of the trial, a randomized phase II study comparing pomalidomide and dexamethasone with pomalidomide, dexamethasone and oral weekly cyclophosphamide delivered at the MTD determined in the phase I study.
Sponsors
Celgene
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participants must have relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Refractory disease is defined as patients who experience disease progression on active therapy or within 60 days after the discontinuation of therapy. Relapsed disease is defined as achievement of at least a partial response followed by disease progression after 60 days of discontinuing active therapy. * Must have measurable disease as assessed by one of the following criteria: Serum monoclonal protein ≥ 0.5 g/dL by protein electrophoresis; \>200 mg of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24 hour electrophoresis; Serum immunoglobulin free light chain ≥ 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum immunoglobulin kappa to lambda free light chain ratio * Must have received at least 2 prior therapies to include prior immunomodulatory drug (lenalidomide) and the patient must be refractory to lenalidomide (defined as progressive disease during active therapy or within 60 days of discontinuation of therapy). All previous cancer chemotherapy (bisphosphonates are not included), including surgery, must have been discontinued ≥2 weeks prior to first dose of study drug. Prior radiotherapy must have been completed \> 2 weeks prior to the start of study drug unless the radiation field would not impact marrow reserve in the opinion of the investigator. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤2 (Karnofsky ≥60% * Must have acceptable organ function: total bilirubin less than 1.5 mg/dL; aspartic transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN); serum creatinine \< 3mg/dL * Must have adequate hematologic function as evidenced by the following: * For the Phase I study: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1000 per mm³; Platelet count ≥ 50,000 per mm³. * For the Phase II portion, patients with greater than 50% bone marrow plasmacytosis will be allowed to enter the trial if the platelet count is greater than 30,000 per mm³ and regardless of baseline absolute neutrophil count if it is felt to be related to active myeloma and if in the opinion of the investigator, growth factor support can result in improvement in the neutrophil count to greater than 1000 per mm³ (growth factor can be used during screening). * Females of childbearing potential (FCBP)† must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test with a sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL within 10 - 14 days prior to and again within 24 hours of starting pomalidomide and must either commit to continued abstinence from heterosexual intercourse or begin TWO acceptable methods of birth control, one highly effective method and one additional effective method AT THE SAME TIME, at least 28 days before she starts taking pomalidomide. FCBP must also agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. Men must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with a FCBP even if they have had a vasectomy. * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document * Able to take aspirin (81 or 325 mg) daily as prophylactic anticoagulation (patients intolerant to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) may use warfarin or low molecular weight heparin). * All study participants must be registered into the mandatory POMALYST REMS™ program, and be willing and able to comply with the requirements of the POMALYST REMS™ program.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 2 weeks (see Inclusion Criteria above) or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 2 weeks earlier (except for neuropathy). * Any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that would prevent the patient from signing the informed consent form * Any condition, including the presence of laboratory abnormalities, which places the patient at unacceptable risk if he/she were to participate in the study or confounds the ability to interpret data from the study. Use of any other experimental drug or therapy within 28 days of baseline. * Known hypersensitivity to thalidomide or lenalidomide * The development of erythema nodosum if characterized by a desquamating rash while taking thalidomide, pomalidomide or similar drugs * Known positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or infectious hepatitis, type A, B or C * May not be receiving any other investigational agents * Pregnant or breast feeding females (Lactating females must agree not to breast feed while taking pomalidomide). * Patients with prior pomalidomide therapy (greater than 1 cycle) are excluded. * Another active malignancy requiring treatment within the next 12 months, with the exception of basal cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, in situ breast cancer and asymptomatic prostate cancer * Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection (except simple urinary tract or upper respiratory tract infection), symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements * Inability to comply with the protocol requirements or participation in any other clinical study * Corticosteroid therapies of \>20 mg/day prednisone, \>4 mg/day dexamethasone, \>80 mg/day hydrocortisone, or equivalent * Allogeneic stem cell/bone marrow transplant within 12 months of first dose of study drug or active graft versus host disease * Patients with existing peripheral neuropathy grade \>2
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Phase I - Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) | 28 Days | The maximum tolerated dose of oral weekly cyclophosphamide in milligrams (mg), in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone. Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide, orallly (PO) days 1, 8, 15 as follows: Level 1: 300 mg; Level 2: 400 mg; Level 3: 500 mg. The period for assessment of Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) is the first cycle (28 days). The following toxicities will be considered dose limiting if encountered only in the phase I portion of the study: Febrile neutropenia; Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity related to treatment with pomalidomide or cyclophosphamide; Participants must have received optimal symptomatic treatment for Grade 3 or 4 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea to be considered a DLT; Grade 4 transaminitis; Grade 3 transaminitis must be present for ≥ 7 days to be considered a DLT; Grade 4 thrombocytopenia for 7 or more days; Grade 4 neutropenia for 7 or more days. |
| Phase II - Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 36 Months | Overall response, Minimal Remission (MR) or better per treatment arm, using the uniform response criteria by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) of pomalidomide in combination with high dose dexamethasone with or without cyclophosphamide in participants with relapsed and refractory myeloma. In addition, Minimal response was incorporated in those response criteria as this is a valid endpoint in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. MR: 25-49% reduction in serum paraprotein and a 50-89% reduction in urine light chain excretion; A 25-49% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytoma must be demonstrated is applicable. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Phase II - Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 36 Months | Progression free survival per treatment arm. Progressive Disease (PD) requires one of the following, increase of greater than or equal to 25% from baseline in: Serum M-component; Urine M-component; The difference between involved and uninvolved sFLC levels; The size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia. |
| Phase II - Median Overall Survival (OS) | 36 Months | Overall survival per treatment arm. Overall survival is defined as the time from start of treatment to death of any cause. |
| Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Up to 48 Months | Phase II: Participants with Grade 3 or 4 adverse events at least possibly related to the study treatment in 5% of participants in the Phase 2 portion, by AE category, assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (NCI CTC) version 4.0. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Between December 2011 and March 2014, participants were enrolled at: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide Phase I: Pomalidomide, high dose dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide. | 10 |
| B: Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone Phase II: Pomalidomide and high dose dexamethasone.
Crossover Arm D is a part of Arm B. Arm D was opened later to accommodate requested transfers from Arm B. Participants who experienced progressive disease in arm B were allowed to crossover to arm D at the discretion of the treating physician.
Arm D participants may be referenced separately in some Outcome Measures. | 36 |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide Phase II: Pomalidomide high dose dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide. | 34 |
| Total | 80 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Rapid PD, allocated intv. not rec'd | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | B: Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone | C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 17 Participants | 17 Participants | 7 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 19 Participants | 17 Participants | 3 Participants | 39 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 64 years | 62 years | 69 years | 63 years |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 36 participants | 34 participants | 10 participants | 80 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 13 Participants | 16 Participants | 3 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 23 Participants | 18 Participants | 7 Participants | 48 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | — / — | — / — | — / — | — / — |
| other Total, other adverse events | 10 / 10 | 35 / 36 | 33 / 34 | 15 / 17 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 10 / 10 | 11 / 36 | 19 / 34 | 9 / 17 |
Outcome results
Primary
Phase II - Overall Response Rate (ORR)
Overall response, Minimal Remission (MR) or better per treatment arm, using the uniform response criteria by the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) of pomalidomide in combination with high dose dexamethasone with or without cyclophosphamide in participants with relapsed and refractory myeloma. In addition, Minimal response was incorporated in those response criteria as this is a valid endpoint in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. MR: 25-49% reduction in serum paraprotein and a 50-89% reduction in urine light chain excretion; A 25-49% reduction in the size of soft tissue plasmacytoma must be demonstrated is applicable.
Time frame: 36 Months
Population: All Phase II Participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 38.9 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Overall Response Rate (ORR) | 64.7 percentage of participants |
Primary
Phase I - Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
The maximum tolerated dose of oral weekly cyclophosphamide in milligrams (mg), in combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone. Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide, orallly (PO) days 1, 8, 15 as follows: Level 1: 300 mg; Level 2: 400 mg; Level 3: 500 mg. The period for assessment of Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) is the first cycle (28 days). The following toxicities will be considered dose limiting if encountered only in the phase I portion of the study: Febrile neutropenia; Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity related to treatment with pomalidomide or cyclophosphamide; Participants must have received optimal symptomatic treatment for Grade 3 or 4 nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea to be considered a DLT; Grade 4 transaminitis; Grade 3 transaminitis must be present for ≥ 7 days to be considered a DLT; Grade 4 thrombocytopenia for 7 or more days; Grade 4 neutropenia for 7 or more days.
Time frame: 28 Days
Population: All Phase I Participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase I - Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) | 400 mg |
Secondary
Phase II - Median Overall Survival (OS)
Overall survival per treatment arm. Overall survival is defined as the time from start of treatment to death of any cause.
Time frame: 36 Months
Population: All participants assigned to Arm B and Arm C.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Median Overall Survival (OS) | 16.8 months |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Median Overall Survival (OS) | NA months |
Secondary
Phase II - Median Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Progression free survival per treatment arm. Progressive Disease (PD) requires one of the following, increase of greater than or equal to 25% from baseline in: Serum M-component; Urine M-component; The difference between involved and uninvolved sFLC levels; The size of existing bone lesions or soft tissue plasmacytomas; Development of hypercalcemia.
Time frame: 36 Months
Population: All Phase II Participants.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 4.4 months |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) | 9.5 months |
Secondary
Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs)
Phase II: Participants with Grade 3 or 4 adverse events at least possibly related to the study treatment in 5% of participants in the Phase 2 portion, by AE category, assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria (NCI CTC) version 4.0.
Time frame: Up to 48 Months
Population: All Phase II Participants who completed allocated intervention.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lung infection | 11.4 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Febrile neutropenia | 11.4 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Fatigue | 8.6 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Flu-like symptoms | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Anemia | 11.4 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Sepsis | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Upper respiratory infection | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lymphodemia | 11.4 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Neutropenia | 31.4 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thrombocytopenia | 5.7 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Leukopenia | 14.3 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyperglycemia | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyponatremia | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypophosphatemia | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypoxia | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Confusion | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Pneumonitis | 0 percentage of participants |
| A: Dose Escalation of Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thromboembolic event | 0 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thromboembolic event | 6.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Anemia | 24.2 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thrombocytopenia | 15.2 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyponatremia | 6.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Febrile neutropenia | 12.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypoxia | 0 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Confusion | 6.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Fatigue | 1.21 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Leukopenia | 12.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Pneumonitis | 9.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Flu-like symptoms | 0 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Neutropenia | 51.5 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypophosphatemia | 0 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lung infection | 9.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lymphodemia | 9.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyperglycemia | 6.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Sepsis | 9.1 percentage of participants |
| C: Pomalidomide, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Upper respiratory infection | 6.1 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Sepsis | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Upper respiratory infection | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lymphodemia | 11.8 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypoxia | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Neutropenia | 23.5 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thromboembolic event | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Thrombocytopenia | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Leukopenia | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Confusion | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyperglycemia | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Anemia | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Febrile neutropenia | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hyponatremia | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Fatigue | 0 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Flu-like symptoms | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Lung infection | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Hypophosphatemia | 5.9 percentage of participants |
| D: Crossover Arm | Phase II - Occurrence of Possibly Related Adverse Events (AEs) | Pneumonitis | 0 percentage of participants |